“The Enlightenment is an ideology, a doctrine and therefore it shares the experience of all the great ideologies, from conceptualisation through development, popularisation, hegemony, decline, to de-conceptualisation,” he says. “I think of myself as a de-conceptualiser.”
Although the Enlightenment was coined in the 19th century as the German
Aufklärung, Clark argues it was not until after the Second World War that it started to gain real traction in European thought. Whatever Nazism had been, the Enlightenment was its opposite. Over the following decades it became inseparable from liberalism and social reform. As Clark puts it, the Enlightenment was “the abstract programme which makes possible modernity”, and became “a shorthand for all those people who have adopted causes of social reform, whether it’s education or state schools or the health service or the quality of daily life.”
He sees the exhaustion of political thought everywhere around him. “At the last general Election I realised all the great ideologies have run out of steam. Liberalism was famously defeated by socialism; socialism ran out of steam and Tony Blair abandoned it. Conservativism was abandoned by Margaret Thatcher, who turned it into [Friedrich] Hayekian radical individualism. It was a great symbolic moment in the Conservative party
when they threw Roger Scruton under the bus.”