Short answer: You can try, but I wouldn't count on it.
Long answer: The current Disney "Salute" promotion is open to the US military, as well as foreign military posted to US establishments. If you're in that situation, you'll have a US military ID (called a CAC) with a blue band on it. That blue band is key because it's pretty rare - but the Disney program specifically lists it as being included - to the point where it's highly implied that foreign military IDs are excluded. It will not be listed on the website that foreign military is excluded, so you'd actually have to call Disney for them to confirm that fact. (Disney isn't in the business of posting a negative exclusion.)
Now, you may be able to get on a US base with Canadian ID. You may be able to buy Disney Salute tickets at an MWR with Canadian ID. However, those aren't actually tickets - they're vouchers. You have to take the vouchers to a Disney ticket booth outside the gates and exchange them for tickets. At that ticket booth is where you'll either be reject or given the tickets. Policy is "no CAC, no ticket," but who knows...you may luck out. Just remember that the vouchers are a) expensive, and b) non-refundable.
And also for those that were thinking about trying: Don't even try to book a room at Shades of Green without a CAC.
Source: I'm posted to the US, have a CAC and have been to Disneyland, Disney World and a Disney cruise all in the past 14 months. If you want any Disney trip advice, I know way more than the average dude should ever know about such a topic.