AFAIK, the Variable Initial Engagement for Infantry NCM is a 3 year contract. The next contract would be another 3 years.
You will have the opportunity to attend courses once you get to battalion. The courses available will depend on what is being run during the PCF cycles at the unit, and if you meet the requirements or not. You may want to do Sniper, etc ASAP but your CoC may want you to do DP2 Weapons Det Member followed by LAV Driver instead.
Also, before you can go on a Basic Sniper course, you have to have other courses completed such as Basic Recce Patrolman and meet other requirements for the course.
As well, in Canada we have the Regular Force(full time), while the US has Active Duty(full time).