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Fast-moving wildfires reshaping B.C.’s forests, new study finds
Seven of the 10 fastest-growing fires were in Canada in 2023, the year of the country’s worst fire season.
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New research suggests that fast-moving wildfires, such as the Bald Range blaze near Summerland that forced recent evacuations, are burning bigger and leaving forests less able to grow back to their pre-burn state.
The study, published in Science Advances, analyzed nearly 3,500 fires across Canada and the western U.S. between 2012 and 2023. Researchers used satellite data to track how quickly fires spread each day.
They found the fastest-moving fires burned more severely, killed more trees and made it more difficult for forests to regenerate.
“It’s not necessarily incredibly surprising that fast-moving fires are responsible for the largest area burned. But we now also show that they have pretty outsized ecological impacts as well,” said Ellen Whitman, a forest researcher with the Canadian Forest Service at Natural Resources Canada and one of the study authors.
Those impacts can range from changing the tree makeup of a forest, “something we have been seeing quite a lot in the northwestern boreal,” Whitman said, to no tree regeneration at all, a result Whitman called “pretty extreme.”
Some tree species can regrow from seeds even if the parent is killed by fire, but others need seeds from live trees nearby.
Fast-moving fires can leave large patches of forest with no living trees and no way to regrow the way they were before.
The pattern was most pronounced in the Western Cordillera ecosystem, which covers much of B.C.’s central and southern interior and includes the Bald Range wildfire in Summerland, which has forced thousands from their homes.
The fire mapped at about 252 square kilometres as of Thursday afternoon. Some residents have been allowed to return to the community, though evacuation alerts remain in effect.
“The Western Cordillera is also likely to have experienced the greatest effects of ongoing modern fire suppression,” the study’s authors wrote, noting the ecoregion accounted for more of the area burned, more fires and more fast-spreading events than any other region studied.
Seven of the 10 fastest-growing fires were in Canada in 2023, the year of the country’s worst fire season.
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