Eye In The Sky
Army.ca Legend
- Reaction score
- 3,780
- Points
- 1,160
Right? That's a pretty empty swath of ocean...
Right? That's a pretty empty swath of ocean...
Eye In The Sky
Army.ca Legend
- Reaction score
- 3,780
- Points
- 1,160
The phases of ASW as experienced by ASOs:
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4 also known as “now-fading contact”…
Eye In The Sky
Army.ca Legend
- Reaction score
- 3,780
- Points
- 1,160
So there's not much new on the FWSAR file today...are we still chirpin' ASOs? Yes?
So theraputic! I should use this to de-stress every day!!
So theraputic! I should use this to de-stress every day!!
- Reaction score
- 146
- Points
- 710
I find it hard to believe that the whole acquisition will simply be abandoned whatever the CC-295's deficiencies; but the whole procurement process was completely FUBAR, far too much politics and media hoo-hah. The final para really is not material:
Mark
Ottawa
Sovereignty in the Arctic and the struggles of the CC-295 Kingfisher: Richard Shimooka in the Hill Times
While some of the deficiencies of the CC-295 Kingfisher are fixable, the problems around weight, power and icing capabilities are very likely not.
This article originally appeared in the Hill Times.
By Richard Shimooka, May 30, 2022
A few weeks ago, the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) announced that its new search and rescue (SAR) aircraft, the CC-295 Kingfisher, will not reach Initial Operational Capability (IOC) until the 2025-2026 timeframe—a decade after it was selected in a competition. In truth, it is doubtful the aircraft will ever enter into service.
SAR is far from being a “sexy” military capability. However, it is one of the more publicly appreciated and crucial functions that the RCAF provides on a day-to-day basis. So it is with some irony that the Fixed-Wing Search and Rescue (FWSAR) aircraft replacement remains among the most disappointing procurement programs in Canada.
The program’s failures are rooted in its origins over 20 years ago. Canada’s primary SAR aircraft at the time was the venerable De Havilland Buffalo. Its range and speed was limited, so it was supplemented by the CC-130 Hercules to cover areas that the Buffalo could not reach. This was problematic: the Hercules was and is one of the most heavily used capabilities in the RCAF, and much more costly to operate. As a result, by the early 2000s, it was envisioned that the FWSAR program would lead to a single fleet replacement aircraft capable of covering all of Canada’s SAR response needs.
At the time, the Department of National Defence could only find one aircraft that could meet its requirements, the Leonardo C-27J. The aircraft was fast enough and possessed the range, size and cockpit visibility to cover all of Canada’s FWSAR needs. Another option would be to acquire additional Hercules, though these aircraft were seen as providing too much plane for the country’s SAR needs. A third was the CASA (now Airbus) C-295. At the time, this aircraft was found to be ill suited—it was not particularly powerful, had insufficient speed and range to cover all of Canada’s Area Of Responsibility (AOR) in one crew day, lacked cockpit visibility essential for maneuvering and posed difficulties for SAR technicians to move around inside when fully equipped with rescue gear. Because the C-295 was not able to meet a number of Mandatory Requirements, it was ruled out too.
The C-27J was to be sole source selected, and the government, prepared an Advanced Contract Award Notice (ACAN), that gave potential competitors time to respond if they could meet the requirements. It was likely that the C-27 would be selected. Yet, about a week before the ACAN, the entire purchase was scrapped due to circumstances that remain unclear today.
Progress on Buffalo replacement stalled until 2014. In that year, the Conservative government also unveiled the Defence Procurement Strategy (DPS), a series of reforms intended to improve outcomes after several controversies over the prior decade. Two areas were of particular relevance to FWSAR.
First, it was part of a broader effort to move away from sole-sourcing procurements and mandate competition in all but exceptional cases. Second, it was related to the Industrial and Technical Benefits (ITB) policy. Previously, meeting the offset requirements were a pass/fail. The DPS enabled ITBs to now play a role in a platform’s selection—it could be up to 25 per cent of the assessment criteria. The percentage is misleading. If all other factors are equal, the 25 per cent could be decisive in a selection. This occurred with FWSAR, which was one of the first major programs to utilize the new procurement system.
Under the mandate of creating competition, the requirements were loosened significantly, allowing the C-295 to compete and, thus, blunting the C-27J’s advantages. The FWSAR aircraft no longer had to be able to reach all parts of Canada’s AOR within one-crew day. Airbus also promised over 30 modifications that would allow the aircraft to meet the minimum requirements. These changes allowed the C-295’s industrial benefits package to be a decisive factor in its selection, which was backed by the aviation conglomerate Airbus.
Since winning the competition, the C-295 has struggled to meet its promised performance. Modifications increased the aircraft’s weight and is now underpowered for its missions. In the event of an engine failure, such as during take-off or when flying through mountainous canyons, the aircraft might not have sufficient power to operate safely. This, along with a number of other major deficiencies, such as with its avionics, operation in icing, paradrop limitations and problematic centre of gravity, severely impacts the aircraft’s ability to operate effectively, and even safely, in its given role.
Consequently, the recent announcement to push back the IOC to the 2025 timeframe is a clear punt by the current government to offload these problems until a later date. While some of the deficiencies are fixable (e.g., avionics), the problems around weight, power and icing capabilities are very likely not— as they are fundamental to the aircraft’s design. There is a significant chance that Canada will need to scrap the entire $2.9-billion purchase, and seek a different outcome.
The debacle has broader significance for Canadian defence procurement beyond SAR, especially with Canada potentially spending tens of billions of dollars in new programs to defend the Arctic. By artificially trying to create competition where one cannot effectively exist, and demanding as much domestic offsets as possible, this lays the foundation for future failures on much larger projects.
Richard Shimooka is a senior fellow at the Macdonald-Laurier Institute.
Sovereignty in the Arctic and the struggles of the CC-295 Kingfisher: Richard Shimooka in the Hill Times | Macdonald-Laurier Institute
While some of the deficiencies of the CC-295 Kingfisher are fixable, the problems around weight, power and icing capabilities are very likely not.macdonaldlaurier.ca
Mark
Ottawa
It won't be abandoned completely. they will find some use for the damn things. But it was predictable. The advertised performance stats. on the a/c were far below the requirements for our landmass. The only way that the kingfisher would work is if their was a squadron posted in every province including the territories so that response time would stay within a crew day. As far as a/c performance is concerned it was no real improvement on the Buffalo except for being pressurized. Still think that the KC390 was the way to go.
- Reaction score
- 22,134
- Points
- 1,360
The baby C-17 is not a bad machine. No head-bonking for SAR Techs.
It wasn’t compliant because they weren’t in production when the bids were due
- Reaction score
- 1,688
- Points
- 1,060
engine upgrade possible?
Is the icing thing related to a lack of APU?
Its amazing how much time energy and money we waste on procurement and still cant get it right or even know how the decision was made. Cue another Auditors report
Is the icing thing related to a lack of APU?
Its amazing how much time energy and money we waste on procurement and still cant get it right or even know how the decision was made. Cue another Auditors report
Eye In The Sky
Army.ca Legend
- Reaction score
- 3,780
- Points
- 1,160
The APU would likely add some additional electrical power but if the anti/de-icing system itself is lacking it wouldn’t make much difference.
Anti/de-icing systems use power and that burns more fuel. The only times I’ve been on an Aurora where we used the APU airborne was during acceptance testing coming out of IMP. APU screaming = fuel burn though.
I don’t know anything about the 295 systems but generally speaking there is engine anti-icing, prop and spinner systems, wing leading edges and the whole empennage to consider. If you’re doing that with lower electrical power, it is potentially going to be on a cycle system.
Ice can build up incredibly fast. When it starts creeping back over leading edges the pucker factor kicks in quickly as well.
Losing an engine is likely going to mean losing a generator and now you’re degraded further.
We generally suck at procurement and sustainability of our kit. It’s demoralizing…
Eye In The Sky
Army.ca Legend
- Reaction score
- 3,780
- Points
- 1,160
Without having any access to any info on the systems on a 295 (I did a quick search on google) I’d be WAGing.
Part of the issue might be the additional weight.
Part of the issue might be the additional weight.
- Reaction score
- 18,892
- Points
- 1,280
Or (also a WAG) that the C-295 was certified to a level of icing expected in southern/western Europe, and it's having issues dealing with the amount we get in Canada.
Eye In The Sky
Army.ca Legend
- Reaction score
- 3,780
- Points
- 1,160
The leading edges look like pneumatic systems. 
I’m only familiar with the 140 systems and then only basic knowledge. I’d have to crawl the AOIs for detail.
I’m only familiar with the 140 systems and then only basic knowledge. I’d have to crawl the AOIs for detail.
It’s predecessor, the 235, also had de-icing problems, so there’s that.
Eye In The Sky
Army.ca Legend
- Reaction score
- 3,780
- Points
- 1,160
Did an ex with them (Manta) from the Turkish Navy. Remember them coming in as our relief a/c…slowly.
You would think that the engine upgrade would have resolved any power issues.
- Reaction score
- 1,729
- Points
- 1,140
“Procurement people” (PSPC) are only as informed as the SMEs that they support. The issue with our model is that if it’s not in the contract, we can’t enforce it.
The certification issue appears to be that the system is inadequate. TC won't certify it if it dosent work.
