Transportation between points within a province is a provincial responsibility. Alberta is in the very early stages of their proposal. Once they get into dollars that start with a 'B', it will be interesting to see if they go it alone. I'm not, out of principle, against federal contributions - they do it for all provinces.
The Ontario-Quebec HSR is inter-provincial.
VIA intra-provincial routes are the remaining carry-overs from the routes they inherited from CN and CP.