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Indirect Fires Modernization Project - C3/M777 Replacement

The Army may think that’s cool and useful but thats a joint force employment concept paired with a foreign policy which together represent a strategic national policy that has no grounding in reality whatsoever in Canada.

If we get PRSM with its 500km plus range, the CA better figure out how to employ that. Expecting the CMBGs to employ that capability will likely be the ridiculous default.

Suggesting that joint operations are either strange or impossible when they literally happen daily for the RCN, and are happening on a weekly basis in Latvia, is a stretch. I wasn’t suggesting we’d just throw them into Syria for funsies, rather I was highlighting a tactical employment model that’s worked successfully with equipment we would have.


We need to get used to working at Division level. Which probably means we need to exercise Bde’s rather than exercising BGs in the Bde context, and I don’t mean in a CAX.
 
The Army may think that’s cool and useful but thats a joint force employment concept paired with a foreign policy which together represent a strategic national policy
Of course it is.
that has no grounding in reality whatsoever in Canada.
That's amazingly shortsighted when you consider the length and breadth of Canadian territory.
If we get PRSM with its 500km plus range, the CA better figure out how to employ that.
The methodology is there. The appropriate scenario response is something that can be worked on.
Expecting the CMBGs to employ that capability will likely be the ridiculous default.
You sell the CF a bit too short. For starters LRPF is not a CMBG resource. That's not to say that there won't be a mission run by CJOC which involves a LRPF element and elements for a CMBG. Notwithstanding my own cynicism, your view of the army is a bit too parochial. Given the right resources it can be quite innovative.

🍻
 
I noted articles several years back of National Guard HIMARS battalions participating in these "shoot and scoot" deployment exercises with HIMARS (they call them HIRAIN - HIMARS RApid INfiltration). There's not much need to fly in anything in the way of any support vehicles because they generally fly in - fire - and fly out to a rearming point. This one is within the US but I've seen ones flying into the Middle East.



Even the Aussies are doing this.



🍻
doable is great. but where does Australia plan on using this capability? I remember reading when they chose the C27 how little airfields it could land on. Where would Canada?
 
doable is great. but where does Australia plan on using this capability? I remember reading when they chose the C27 how little airfields it could land on. Where would Canada?
There are airfields (both in Canada and in the Pacific) and look to the 2% infrastructure development to plan and build more. They don't need to be capable of landing a 787. Gives a job to those RCAF regiment engineers to do working with locals.

🍻
 
the HLVW will be out before we get the HIMARS though? I guess its some continuity
Do you think the entire HIMARS support system will stay FMTV then?
How many M11148 MTV do we have now?
I doubt it. With only 500 Zetros ordered, the HLVW will self-divest, not be properly replaced, just like the MLVW.

The US, or at least the Army, is so heavily invested in the FMTV platform it's unlikely at best they'll change any time soon. That's the entire reason the chose the FMTV for the HIMARS.
 
There are airfields (both in Canada and in the Pacific) and look to the 2% infrastructure development to plan and build more. They don't need to be capable of landing a 787. Gives a job to those RCAF regiment engineers to do working with locals.

🍻
So thats the deployment plan for Canada? Load up and land in Yellowknife fire off a volley and fly out?
 
I doubt it. With only 500 Zetros ordered, the HLVW will self-divest, not be properly replaced, just like the MLVW.

The US, or at least the Army, is so heavily invested in the FMTV platform it's unlikely at best they'll change any time soon. That's the entire reason the chose the FMTV for the HIMARS.
my question isnt so much for the launcher but all the associated support trucks and whether its worth it to maintain another niche fleet or attempt at commonality with what else we have

LVM is supposed to be FOC by 2030. Do you really think that we will have HIMARS before that? Theres an extensive backlog in orders unless many back out due to the timetable.
Someone decided we only needed
500 heavy
1000 light and
2800 medium trucks
it is what it is i guess
 
That's amazingly shortsighted when you consider the length and breadth of Canadian territory.
Fair enough. As the case for the HIMARS purchase is primarily LSCO in Europe I did not initially think of continental defence, which is a part of the Aussie employment construct I believe. I don’t believe that idea has been the basis of any northern operations construct.

Suggesting that joint operations are either strange or impossible when they literally happen daily for the RCN, and are happening on a weekly basis in Latvia, is a stretch.
I would love examples of how the Canadian Army is practicing to contribute to the joint force fight at the operational level!

You sell the CF a bit too short. For starters LRPF is not a CMBG resource. That's not to say that there won't be a mission run by CJOC which involves a LRPF element and elements for a CMBG. Notwithstanding my own cynicism, your view of the army is a bit too parochial. Given the right resources it can be quite innovative.

Can the CF be innovative? 100%. Does that mean that large elements don’t see the LRPF as a tool for the Bde to conduct deep fires? I am not sure that the answer to that question is no. The Canadian Army has spent decades telling itself that it won’t fight as anything above Bde. It doesn’t have a recent pool of experience in effectively training or employing units outside of a Bde context.
The Army will need to get back into doctrine and will need to learn to effectively contribute to Division and Corps level operations with Div and Corps level units. For a Bde centric force that will need innovative ideas in a number of areas.

Finally I am most certainly critical of the Army, it can certainly be argued (likely successfully) that perhaps too much so. However if the Army can demonstrate with concrete actions at an institutional level that the criticism is unwarranted then I am happy to be more optimistic.

When HIMARS shows up I will be happy to see how we employ it.
 
So thats the deployment plan for Canada? Load up and land in Yellowknife fire off a volley and fly out?

Or Resolute. Or Nanisivik. Or Victoria. Or Goose Bay.

Or rapidly relocate to the threat from Gagetown and park with a load of 700 km Increment 1 PrSMs or a >1000 km LBASMs (Land Base Anti-Ship Missiles). Regardless of how bad things are with The Trump I honestly don't see us launching on Fairbanks, or Washington. On the other hand, given NORAD's increased maritime interests, I could see a request to beef up coastal defences in times of stress.

And the follow on echelons don't need to land in the first wave if the unit is deployed as a deterrent.

...

Conversely, maybe they want to be able to rapidly deploy a battery to Latvia or Norway to supply flexible support - You are looking at being able to cover out to 30 km with DPICM if our allies want us to scatter them, 70 km with GMRLS, 150 km with GMRLS ER and GLSDB, 700 km with PrSM-1 and >1000-1500 km with PrSM-3 and LBASM.

It would really add heft to the ability of a Canadian MND commander to influence the battle at all levels, even if he only has a Brigade or Battle Group deployed in conjunction with the battery.

...

Add in all the missiles in the works for the system, loitering munitions, cruise missiles and long range versions of the SPEAR-Brimstone family that can find their own targets and I can absolutely see the advantages of the system as a priority purpose.

...

Final add - the Autonomous Multi-Domain Launcher - the robot version of the FMTV. Once the launcher leaves the C130 it can be jockeyed around the deployment zone without a crew or driver. It can relocate to predesignated waypoints on its own schedule to make it harder to template.
 
So thats the deployment plan for Canada? Load up and land in Yellowknife fire off a volley and fly out?

While some our responding to our neighbour in the south by suggesting we need to be able to fight a land war here I doubt that’s ever going to happen and I doubt even further that’s a serious consideration for anyone. Being able to move what ever LRPF we employ with the air craft we have in inventory only makes sense. The ability to rapidly move HIMARs by C130 and fire is a nice to have tactical (not operation @Fabius ) option as I pointed out. Being able to move them operationally via C130 is almost certainly a must.
 
While some our responding to our neighbour in the south by suggesting we need to be able to fight a land war here I doubt that’s ever going to happen and I doubt even further that’s a serious consideration for anyone. Being able to move what ever LRPF we employ with the air craft we have in inventory only makes sense. The ability to rapidly move HIMARs by C130 and fire is a nice to have tactical (not operation @Fabius ) option as I pointed out. Being able to move them operationally via C130 is almost certainly a must.
if we need more airlift, and it seems like we do. 23 C130 trips for a HIMARS battery for example. What is the path forward?
No more C17
just C130 or A400?
 
highway-air-aerienne-routiere-eng.png1742752500798.png

The dots on the left are Canada's main airports. The dots on the right are virtually all the airstrips in Canada and most of them have been built with C130s in mind.


In 1970 National Defence, the Department of Transportation, and the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development implemented a program to develop a series of airstrips at isolated communities that would be capable of handling C130 Hercules aircraft. No 1 Construction Engineering Unit was tasked to oversee the planning and construction of these airstrips. 1 CEU established an Airfield Operations Centre at CFB Winnipeg to control construction and provide technical and logistic support and personnel administration. Each project would normally involve a two-year program. In the first year, the design work was completed, equipment was deployed to the site, and a source for local materials was located. A typical site needed about 160,000 cubic yards of granular fill to complete a 4400-foot runway and parking aprons. Gravel supply was a major problem in the arctic and involved finding a suitable esker or blasting out rock from a quarry. The workforce for this ambitious project was primarily provided from the Combat Engineering units of the Canadian Military Engineers and the local Inuit population. The locals were involved in increasing numbers as the program developed. Between 1970 and 1979, when the program was terminated airstrips, were built at Pangnurtung, Whale Cove, Cape Dorset, Eskimo Point, Pond Inlet, and Spence Bay.

4400 ft converts to 1341 m

1742752883829.png

The loaded HIMARS weighs 16,250 kg or 80% of the Max Load of the C130J30.

All of those runways represent, potential Firing Points for the HIMARS, each with a >700 km radius.
 
if we need more airlift, and it seems like we do. 23 C130 trips for a HIMARS battery for example. What is the path forward?
No more C17
just C130 or A400?
I would always prefer more C17s simply because they can lift more. To be honest though I don’t know enough about A400 vs C130 to make an informed comment. Id like us to have some kind of concrete, secure, reliable access to ROLO capable ships though. Be that flagged RCN or some kind of merchant marine.
 
I would always prefer more C17s simply because they can lift more. To be honest though I don’t know enough about A400 vs C130 to make an informed comment. Id like us to have some kind of concrete, secure, reliable access to ROLO capable ships though. Be that flagged RCN or some kind of merchant marine.

Another dozen or two C130s and 18 of these would go along way.

1742753895927.png

Specifications (C-390 Millennium)​


The approximate operating radius with different load weights
Data from Aviation Week,

General characteristics

  • Crew: Three (two pilots, one loadmaster)
  • Capacity: 26,000 kg (57,000 lb) / 80 troops / 74 stretchers and 8 attendants / 66 paratroopers / 7 463L master pallets / 6 463L master pallets and 36 troops
  • Length: 35.2 m (115 ft 6 in)
  • Wingspan: 35.05 m (115 ft 0 in)
  • Height: 11.84 m (38 ft 10 in)
  • Max takeoff weight: 86,999 kg (191,800 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 23,000 to 35,000 kg (50,700 to 77,160 lb) with 3 aux. fuel tanks
  • Useful lift: 26,000 kg (57,320 lb)
  • Cargo hold length × height × width: 18.5 m × 3.0 m × 3.4 m (60.6 ft × 9.8 ft × 11.3 ft)
  • Powerplant: 2 × IAE V2500-E5 turbofan, 139.4 kN (31,330 lbf) thrust each
Performance
  • Maximum speed: 988 km/h (614 mph, 533 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 870 km/h (540 mph, 470 kn) Mach 0.8
  • Stall speed: 193 km/h (120 mph, 104 kn) IAS
    • 2,720 km (1,470 nmi; 1,690 mi) with 23,000 kg (51,000 lb) payload
    • 2,000 km (1,080 nmi; 1,240 mi) with 26,000 kg (57,000 lb) payload
  • Ferry range: 6,240 km (3,880 mi, 3,370 nmi) – 8,460 km (4,570 nmi; 5,260 mi) max. with aux. fuel tanks
  • Service ceiling: 11,000 m (36,000 ft)
Armament
  • Hardpoints: 3 with a capacity of POD Optical / IR Rafael Litening II / IFR Cobham 900E
Avionics
  • Rockwell Collins Pro Line Fusion
Systems and equipment
  • RWR / chaff & flare (self-defense systems)
  • DIRCM – Directional Infrared Countermeasures (self-defense systems)
  • In-flight refueling system
  • Dual HUD system
  • Cabin lighting compatible with night vision systems
  • CCDP – Continuously Computed Drop Point, an automated, accurate drop point calculation system
  • LVAD – Low Velocity Airdrop Delivery
  • EEPGS – Emergency Electric Power Generator System (type RAT or Ram Air Turbine)

The Embraer C-390 Millennium can normally operate from a 4,000 ft (1,220 meters) semi-prepared soft airstrip (compacted sand-clay soils) carrying 12 metric tonnes of cargo to a distance of 500 nautical miles.

Here's a more detailed breakdown:
  • Runway Length:
    The C-390 is designed to operate from shorter, semi-prepared runways, including those with compacted sand-clay soils.

  • Payload:
    It can carry 12 metric tonnes of cargo to a distance of 500 nautical miles (925 km) from a 4,000 ft airstrip.

  • Other Capabilities:
    The C-390 can also operate on airfields with limited space for parking or manoeuvring and no ground facilities.

  • Design Requirements:
    One of the project requirements provides that the C-390 can operate on any type of pavement, even unprepared ones such as dirt or snow runways.

Get Bombardier to build them under licence to try and patch up relations with both Embraer and Brazil.
 
View attachment 92142View attachment 92143

The dots on the left are Canada's main airports. The dots on the right are virtually all the airstrips in Canada and most of them have been built with C130s in mind.




4400 ft converts to 1341 m

View attachment 92144

The loaded HIMARS weighs 16,250 kg or 80% of the Max Load of the C130J30.

All of those runways represent, potential Firing Points for the HIMARS, each with a >700 km radius.
Keep in mind the C-130 doesn’t need a runway in a lot of places. You can have a low viz team locate a target and another Det can be working on a LZ loc.
 
Can the CF be innovative? 100%. Does that mean that large elements don’t see the LRPF as a tool for the Bde to conduct deep fires? I am not sure that the answer to that question is no.
I'm quite sure the answer is still, yes. We're slowly building to a brigade in Latvia but as part of a multinational divisional structure. I don't see much information on MNDNorth but it strikes me that even though it reached FOC some time ago, it doesn't bring much to the table as a division beyond the command and control aspects of a division as opposed to the CS and CSS that you would expect a division to have. It seems to me to be more a sum of its constituent brigades.

Latvia is acquiring some HIMARS and the Danes have a few PULS albeit I do not know if they will part of the MNDNorth - assume that they will be but don't know. In any even, I see the addition of an LRPF battery as a logical and necessary addition to the division/brigade however it is eventually organized.
The Canadian Army has spent decades telling itself that it won’t fight as anything above Bde. It doesn’t have a recent pool of experience in effectively training or employing units outside of a Bde context.
I can't disagree with that although it depends on how big the pool has to be. We have sent people out of country for years to train with , and in many cases, be posted into other people's divisions and corps. I tend to believe fighting happens in the brigade and at division you are looking more at battle management - the link between the fighting elements and the CS/CSS linkage. IMHO, the weakness goes down into the brigade level as well as the brigades are under resourced. I'm thinking particulalry in artillery and armour, have concerns about infantry CS and even coy support weapons, and worry about whether our logistics chain from factory to battlefront won't collapse rapidly.

It's not so much that the army has been telling itself, but that it has been told and therefore, in order to meet the priorities it has to, it can't commit itself to building robust fighting brigades.
The Army will need to get back into doctrine and will need to learn to effectively contribute to Division and Corps level operations with Div and Corps level units. For a Bde centric force that will need innovative ideas in a number of areas.
Very definitely - most important, it will take practicing. 4 CMBG was our centre of excellence for that for some time. In Canada we were much like we are now until the brief foray into the 1 Div model we had. There is no 4 CMBG now. We do have some people in MNDNorth and the new bde being formed which may, in time, make a difference.

Doctrine is a mutable thing. Our two main models, the Brits and Americans have very different viewpoints (and have had over the last few decades). Honestly, when I think of a stable divisional model I take a look at the Poles (albeit I know little of what the supporting structures above their six divisions is). I think we need to pick a model so that when we train or deploy, we have a clear understanding of where we do and don't fit in. It brings me back to the conundrum of the 1980s where we had the academic Corps 86 model but in practice had a slapped together 1 Div for most of that time. We need to have a harmonized academic and de facto structure.
Finally I am most certainly critical of the Army, it can certainly be argued (likely successfully) that perhaps too much so. However if the Army can demonstrate with concrete actions at an institutional level that the criticism is unwarranted then I am happy to be more optimistic.
There are a number of institutional restraints above the army level that come into play here as well. As I said: I'm a cynic (as are several other members of this forum. Luckily we are balanced by a few Pollyannas which helps keep us honest. here is a fundamental argument which shows up here quite often: the side that sees the primacy of the defence of Canada where the Navy and Air Force have the dominant role; and NATO forward defence as the primary deterrence vehicle where the army has the major role. Both of these are merely theories. You can make sound arguments for or against each one. And they have major effects in defence resource allocation and what the army is actually able to do - or even asked to do. You can't just pick one and you can't have the whole force be "agile, flexible, all singing and dancing." That's one reason I'm an advocate of the concept of two very different divisions - one structured for expeditionary operations as a land force in Europe within a divisional context; the other structured for homeland defence in whatever form that may take. All supported by a national robust CSS structure.
When HIMARS shows up I will be happy to see how we employ it.
Me too. I've been waiting since we packed up 1 Surface to Surface Missile Battery on 1 July 1970. 🍻

🍻
 
While some our responding to our neighbour in the south by suggesting we need to be able to fight a land war here I doubt that’s ever going to happen and I doubt even further that’s a serious consideration for anyone. Being able to move what ever LRPF we employ with the air craft we have in inventory only makes sense. The ability to rapidly move HIMARs by C130 and fire is a nice to have tactical (not operation @Fabius ) option as I pointed out. Being able to move them operationally via C130 is almost certainly a must.

Why do we need the ability to move the LRPF by air?

Is it deploying via air inside Canada or in an expeditionary capacity?

Are we repositioning it inside an theatre AOR that can be reached by tactical airlift ( ie operational level manoeuvre)?

Are we wanting to reposition it between theatre AORs, meaning we need either strategic airlift or the time and space to use tactical airlift?
 
Why do we need the ability to move the LRPF by air?

Is it deploying via air inside Canada or in an expeditionary capacity?

Are we repositioning it inside an theatre AOR that can be reached by tactical airlift ( ie operational level manoeuvre)?

Are we wanting to reposition it between theatre AORs, meaning we need either strategic airlift or the time and space to use tactical airlift?
thats what i have wondered. Is this capability so important that we sole source it and drop two other competitors?
Can they offer one pod as well if so?
 
Latvia is acquiring some HIMARS and the Danes have a few PULS albeit I do not know if they will part of the MNDNorth - assume that they will be but don't know. In any even, I see the addition of an LRPF battery as a logical and necessary addition to the division/brigade however it is eventually organized.

In terms of MND North, it will be interesting to see if the Dane and Cdn LRPF batteries get integrated into the Latvia Bn ( I assume they will have a dedicated Bn for their HIMARS).
Alternatively if there is a second MN Arty Bn formed with the LRPF batteries all in it with all the guns staying in the current Mn Arty Bn.

I suspect the most likely option is the Cdn LRPF gets added to the current Mn Arty Bn inside the MNB. I suspect that is most likely due to Cdn C2 and CSS concerns . There are various capabilities across the MNB and MNBG that don’t really belong where they are by doctrine but for various national C2 and CSS reasons are where they are.
 
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