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M1 Abrams tanks and M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicles, are currently “way too heavy,” and “complex” to be sustained

I don't think so. The problem identified was the difficulty of sustaining a Heavy Force.
To wit...



The 3D printer equipment is about the size of a U-Haul, according to LaPlante.

it’s also changing how sustainment is done. Ukrainians right as we speak are 3D printing parts and firing pins for the M777s [howitzers] and getting them right back into the fight,” LaPlante said. “And yes, we made sure the Ukrainians had the proper IP. Because it was just mildly interesting to them … about having the proper IP when they were at war. But yes, they’re doing it properly.”

Interesting.

Could a 3D printer be used to print low velocity rounds like grenades, bombs, and mortar rounds as well as UAVs and missiles?

Brigade support company - 16 U-Hauls, a stack of billets, tankers of inert chemicals and a fleet of Malloy T400s (400 lb/180 kg payload).


Another argument for missiles and mortars over guns?
 
I for one don't. My particular area of interest in military things is the Roman army. Depending on which phase of the structure you look at, you see all of the key elements of a modern army from recce, light infantry, heavy infantry, combat support elements, artillery, engineers, medical services, cavalry, logistics, command and control, signals etc all aggregated in a bde+ sized structure. Tactics varied based on weapon capabilities but the basic overarching principles on what makes a field army hum were accounted for right up to pension plans.

That said one has to take a close look at functions and structures to ensure that one doesn't stay married to one particular system just because that's the way we've done it for years. As an example, I take a look at the Canadian Service battalion and unit admin company structure and compare it to the US Bde Support Bn and its forward support companies structure. IMHO the US system is preferable both in garrison and the field because it has all the svc sp in the bde under one senior logistics commander who can better balance sp requirements across the bde. Canadian combat arms units, on the other hand, would fight to the death to retain the present structures where they "own" their own combat support.

Are we starying too far from the thread topic?

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On the organization front I think we are missing a step.

1 bar is a Major
2 bars is a Lt Col
3 bars doesn't show in our organization

1 X is a Colonel but should be a Brigadier.

I would like to see the 3 bar organization introduced into the Brigade structure. Some people call the 3 bar structure a Group and some call it a Regiment.

There is no clearly defined structure for the Regiment. It is a group of subunits that could be 3 or 4 or it could be 10 or 12.

The infantry effectively forms one regiment of 9 to 15 companies.
The cavalry forms one regiment of 4 or more squadrons
The artillery forms one regiment that despatches a group of batteries to support forces in the field
Perhaps the Service Battalion should be, like the artillery, a single regiment organization that despatches groups of companies to the field.
Or perhaps it follows cavalry practice with one regiment with multiple closes support and general support companies in the regiment.


Brigadier - Brigade Group

Infantry Regiment - Col
Infantry Bns - Lt Cols and Majors
Infantry Coys - Capts

Cavalry Regiment - Col and Lt Cols
Cavalry Squadrons - Majors

Artillery Group - Col and Lt Cols
Artillery Batteries - Majors

Engineer Regiment - Col and Lt Cols
Engineer Squadrons - Majors

Service Group - Col and Lt Cols
Service Companies - Majors

Signals Regiment - Lt Col
Signals Squadrons - Majors

Upping the Sigs to include Int, Cyber, EW and Comms
Upping the Service to put all the support squadrons and companies under the Service Group. The CQs/SQs/BQs of the world are still of their primary trade but understand how to order supplies and ensure they are being brought forwards.
Upping the Guns to accommodate more CS batteries, gun and mortar, more GS batteries, rockets and LAMs, more AD/C-UAS, more sensors, radars, HALOs and UASs etc.

Cavalry and Infantry - still to be sorted and I think that reflects the variable nature of the missions on which they could be employed.

Gunners win but you would have to accept that the price of more guns is fewer gunners per gun and fewer gunners per battery.
 
On the organization front I think we are missing a step.
Now we're really not talking M1s or M2s.

But just to take you up on it. 1 Bar is not a major - for most armies companies are run by captains. Majors are generally senior staff officers in battalions and brigades. I see zero reasons for going back to brigadiers instead of colonels for brigades. Why jump a rank if all the next level of subordinates are LCols. Ego?

George Custer was a LCol but commanded the 7th Cavalry Regiment of ten companies which he split into several battalions for battle. Batallion used to be an ad hoc sub-elements of regiments until we went into making them separate units albeit they could be parts of tactical regiments (US army) or kinfolk affiliations (Brit army).

There are places where we're silly. There is one Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery but it has numerous regiments. A century ago we brigaded batteries so for most of WW1 we called multiple batteries a brigade and not a regiment.

Orbat symbols are NATO standardised. What organizations we have within the existing terminology is a matter of taste and seriously is the last thing I'd change about the army - it comes right after reintroducing bloused trousers and puttees.

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You misunderstand me I think.

We seem to build brigades out of units that roughly correspond to the size of an infantry battalion. That used to be 6 sub units under Majors and an HQ with a Lt Col and a Major as DCO.

The infantry battalion is shrinking. Smaller numbers of smaller subunits. I agree with you we could go back to pre 1914 practice and parallel the Captain's Company standard widely accepted internationally. Niema problema.

On the other hand every other branch is having to find new sub units to field more new technical capabilities capabilities.

To me that looks like Brigade arty could end up with 3 or 4 gun batteries, perhaps a mortar battery or two, a couple of LRPF batteries, a VSHORAD C-UAS battery, an ISTAR battery, co-ordination cells....

Is all of that Arty work? And if so can it all be managed by 1 Lt Col?

Or does it need two and someone to manage them?

Because if we leave the Brigade as a collection of Lt Cols flying in loose formation the Brigadier, Col or BGen, is already trying to manage 8 or more egos while trying to fight her battle.

Even section leaders are getting help to manage that span of control.
 
You misunderstand me I think.

We seem to build brigades out of units that roughly correspond to the size of an infantry battalion. That used to be 6 sub units under Majors and an HQ with a Lt Col and a Major as DCO.

The infantry battalion is shrinking. Smaller numbers of smaller subunits. I agree with you we could go back to pre 1914 practice and parallel the Captain's Company standard widely accepted internationally. Niema problema.

On the other hand every other branch is having to find new sub units to field more new technical capabilities capabilities.

To me that looks like Brigade arty could end up with 3 or 4 gun batteries, perhaps a mortar battery or two, a couple of LRPF batteries, a VSHORAD C-UAS battery, an ISTAR battery, co-ordination cells....
Unless you have a Bde Group, you really don’t have Bde Arty. You have an Arty Bde (or two) at Div.

You really need to stop offering Mortars to Arty units. Mortars should be an Inf Bn integral asset (and a Cav Bn).

LRPF are Corps Assets - the Long Range fight doesn’t below to the Bde or Div, as they are maneuver units.

ADA, belongs to the ADA Bde in Div.
Certain Manpads and small C-UAS can exist outside of that - but they don’t belong to the Field Arty regardless

You’re trying to jam way too much stuff into one unit that cannot fit it, nor can it sustain or coordinate it.


Is all of that Arty work? And if so can it all be managed by 1 Lt Col?
No see above
Or does it need two and someone to manage them?
No see above
Because if we leave the Brigade as a collection of Lt Cols flying in loose formation the Brigadier, Col or BGen, is already trying to manage 8 or more egos while trying to fight her battle.
Generally the Bde has 3 Maneuver units, the rest support those. You are severely overthinking this.
Even section leaders are getting help to manage that span of control.
That isn’t new.
 
You misunderstand me I think.
Happens from time-to-time.
On the other hand every other branch is having to find new sub units to field more new technical capabilities capabilities.
That's a process that I disagree with by the way. Typically our brigade groups now have seven major units to manage which is quite manageable because only 4 of those are manoeuvre (1 armour/recce, 3 inf) and three support (arty, engr, CSS). Effectively the four manoeuvre units need close tactical control taking up the commander and ops staffs primary brain power while the other three conform to the tactical operations under specialist command and control staff. The trick is to ensure that whatever new functions show up can comfortably slot into the existing 7 units and not burden the brigade with more (which is why I think the med folks, MPs and any other odds and sods need to slot into the Svc Bn)
To me that looks like Brigade arty could end up with 3 or 4 gun batteries, perhaps a mortar battery or two, a couple of LRPF batteries, a VSHORAD C-UAS battery, an ISTAR battery, co-ordination cells....

Is all of that Arty work? And if so can it all be managed by 1 Lt Col?

Or does it need two and someone to manage them?
One will do and is preferable because you want to concentrate the coord functions and logistics functions. Coord would have the FSCC, ASCC (from the AD unit), STACC (from the GS battery) (and maybe TACP from the air force) together. I'm against having OP Tac Gp batteries (they are solely a garrison thing in my mind). I'm also against STA batteries. I think an artillery battalion supporting a modern brigade needs three organic close support batteries (each with their own FOOs and bn level FSCC and JTAC) and a general support battery which also contains the regiment's STA troops). I've been in a regiment that had its own AD battery. I'm against that. I think AD (such as SHORAD) needs to come from a higher level as both the resources, maintenance and service support and coordination and deployment direction comes from a higher organization. CUAV I see organic to units in general.

That basically gives an arty CO five batteries to manage full time - 3 x CS, 1 x GS and 1 x CSS - and an AD battery when required.

I'm generally against mortars with arty. They should remain a battalion resource. I think the big question is what's inside each of the 3 x CS and 1 x GS batteries. I see a mixture of guns and other things including loitering munitions and the UAVs to control them.

Effectively I divide CS and GS by range. CS has the coord, FOOs, UAVs, JTAC and guns and precision weapons to deal with targets within the battalion's area of influence while the GS battery has the same resources types but with resources and a range that reaches out to the full brigade's area of influence. Beyond that is a div responsibility.
Because if we leave the Brigade as a collection of Lt Cols flying in loose formation the Brigadier, Col or BGen, is already trying to manage 8 or more egos while trying to fight her battle.
Yeah... It doesn't work like that. Firstly there are seven. Second the Col has a staff. Third these are all professionals who know their job and who have their own staff to do it. In a proper functioning brigade there are generally a few areas of high focus at any given time while much of the rest coasts on autopilot under staff management.
Even section leaders are getting help to manage that span of control.
The section commander's job is getting more complex and they do need it. It's not up to me to decide if that means an extra person or a retasking or reorganization of what is already there. For me the most important limitation is the size and nature of the section and platoon transport and weapon systems. How many dismounts does the vehicle carry v how many dismounts are needed and what weapon systems are mounted and crew served that can't dismount etc. This in my mind is a big discussion which the infantry needs to deal with sooner rather than later.

Brigades and battalions have always had staffs. How much more staff is needed will vary with situation. A brigade HQ functioning alone doing counterinsurgency a provincial reconstruction in Kandahar needed a significant increase. A brigade HQ functioning within a division context on a mobile battlefield will be significantly leaner.

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Unless you have a Bde Group, you really don’t have Bde Arty. You have an Arty Bde (or two) at Div.

You really need to stop offering Mortars to Arty units. Mortars should be an Inf Bn integral asset (and a Cav Bn).

LRPF are Corps Assets - the Long Range fight doesn’t below to the Bde or Div, as they are maneuver units.

ADA, belongs to the ADA Bde in Div.
Certain Manpads and small C-UAS can exist outside of that - but they don’t belong to the Field Arty regardless

You’re trying to jam way too much stuff into one unit that cannot fit it, nor can it sustain or coordinate it.


Your responses, as is often the case, required some thought before countering. ;)


It got me to thinking about the entire Bde Gp concept and how it fits into National Defence. And I think it ties in with the trouble the Army has in defining its role to itself and others. It turns out, in my opinion, this is not a uniquely Canadian problem. It seems to be shared by the whole of the ABCA/ABCANZUS/AUKUS/2-5 Eyes group. The Thalassians? The people of the World Island seem to have a very clear understanding of what their armies are for and when they are to be used. Their security, their survival, depends on matching the force (in physics terms) at their borders. Their internal pressure has to equal the external pressure in order to maintain the bubble in which they live and which their preferred rules rule.

For us mob, who have always sought the security of the seas and islands an army has never been more than a raiding force. Thalassians, Vikings, Brits or Yanks, our armies are never expected to be permanent features. We don't need them on our islands, and the Americas can be seen as the world's second island, after Mackinder's World Island, and there is no popular call for a permanent presence on the World Island.

The one thing that us Thalassians have, generally, agreed on is the need to keep the Mainlanders at bay. And the means to that was the wooden walls of our navies, our bows and arrows, our guns and rockets and our aircraft. In short technology. Or Ordnance.

The other characteristic of us lot is that our enemies have variously described us as nations of pirates, freebooters and shopkeepers. The corollary to raiding is trading. Living on islands gives us one major advantage the Mainlanders don't have. In order to maintain the equilibrium in their bubbles they have to make deals so that neither side of the bubble walls is at an advantage. If you are living on an island you can walk away from many deals. Or, to be fair, you can just go a-viking and take what you want and not worry about making friends.

Thanks to the US and its Monroe Doctrine Navy, and the UK, Canada is on an island and has been isolated from the world at large by the seas and only has one reasonably friendly neighbour with whom we must maintain equilibrium. With whom we must trade and where we must not raid.

Anything that we do must reasonably conform to the limits our neighbour can tolerate. Beyond that we are a lot freer than, for example, the Poles, Swedes and Ukrainians, who must always be prepared to defend their corner. Given the tight confines in which their small countries are working, the large populations they are supporting and the multiple land borders they are defending then armies and surface launched ordnance dominates. For them the army is a necessity and its purpose is clear. Whether the border is shield wall, a fence, a Maginot line or a line of tanks and howitzers there is always a hard line that has to be defended.

That line doesn't exist in Canada.

Or it hasn't.

Our line was a permeable barrier that allowed the free flow of goods and services that resulted in a self-sustaining equilibrium with our neighbour. The border was not under pressure. By and large those things which our neighbours could tolerate we could tolerate. That which we found intolerable they found intolerable. Broadly speaking.

But our island is changing on both sides of the border. More World Island Mainlanders want the peace and quiet they perceive we enjoy over here. They want to get away from the pressure of crowded bubbles maintained by active defence and constant negotiation. They envy the ability to head to the cottage for a month listening to loons and drinking beer. Why them and not us?

Add in the cyclical drying of the south and water shortages of the Napa and the Ogalalla Aquifer basin and our bubble is experiencing more pressure. And people are threatening to pierce that bubble.

Some of the threat comes from trade, some from people, some from ordnance. We manage the trade. We manage the people fairly well so far by filtering the incoming supply and monitoring the outfall. The ordnance threat we manage by means of the National Defence.


We retreat behind our own defensive ordnance - the technologies of the navy and the air forces. And with ordnances improving - with surveillance moving towards God's Eye views, with multi-nodal, multi-modal communications, with precision moving to the point where it is possible to hit a bullet in flight with a bullet, with missiles with inter-continental reach having been a reality for decades and intelligent chunks of cardboard loaded with high explosives loitering overhead - those ordnances are making the home space more secure. We can trade dollars for soldiers on the borders and retire to the cottage. If we choose.


We don't need an army. We don't need a Brigade or a Division. But we do need ordnance.

And, if we want friends on the Mainland then we can earn that friendship by helping them maintain their own bubbles.

We can do that through trade. We do.
We can do that through the free movement of people - and here things get sticky for me - I like a filter on that pipe. Free is too absolute for me.
Finally, we can help them hold their borders. Relieve the pressure on their bubbles and reduce the imperative for them to move.

And how best to do that.

Is our best solution to supply 5000 soldiers with rifles and tanks to a nation that fields an army of millions and tanks by the hundred? Or are we better friends if we spend the same amount of money and effort in supplying some of the same technology that is used on our island that allows us to ignore the world at our cottages?

My lean is towards the latter.

.....

Finally to your point @KevinB

A brigade does not need corps elements. But those corps elements represent the technologies that keep our island secure. Because we don't need an army, we are a wealthy nation. We can afford to buy technology. We should be buying technology to support our neighbours in securing our island. We are not and we should be.

We can also afford to lend, or even donate, that technology, together with skilled operators, to other nations that wish to be friends.

In my mind that means providing things like EW and Cyber systems, comms, Long Range Precision Fires, and Air Defence, GBAD and C-UAS as well as operational Navy and Air Force elements..

You are right that a Brigade Group doesn't require any of the above and that those are Corps, Army and National capabilities. But those are things that we can afford and that many of our friends can't afford, or can't afford in numbers.

We can supply them and we should be supplying them.

We have few people - we can't afford a lot of blood. And we are disinclined to that in any event.

On the other hand we possess a massive treasure within or 10,000,000 km2 of land and 8,000,000 km2 of seas. We can afford to support a lot of friends with food, feed, fertilizers, fuels and farmaceuticals. We can sell to them at prices they can afford and still return a profit that will support our preferred lifestyle.

But the quid pro quo should be that some of those profits should go back into supporting our friends in the defence of their borders..

My preference, again, is to supply ordnance instead of soldiers. That ordnance needs to be operated and secured.

Perhaps a Brigade Group doesn't need Long Range Precision Fires. Perhaps it is a Corps element. Why aren't we aiming at supplying those Corps elements that our friends' Corps's are lacking?

If we send those technologies, that ordnance, we should probably send a suitable security force.

A Brigade Group doesn't need LRPFs? Perhaps you are right. But LRPF's probably require a Brigade Group.


....

In the early era of the Cold War Canada covered its friends with a nuclear equipped Air Division and a ground launched nuclear missile battery as well as an infantry brigade. It also provided an escort fleet to ensure the free flow of food, feed, fertilizers, fuels and farmaceuticals to its friends across the seas.

That commitment shrank over time until the Brigade Group was effectively holding an air terminus for a promised Air Division. The terminus was protected by the Brigade Group joining in the active defence of the area.

....

You and I agree that Canada doesn't do enough and that it should be doing a lot more. Where we disagree is how best Canada can conduct its own defence and contribute to mutual defence.


Cheers ;)











No see above

No see above

Generally the Bde has 3 Maneuver units, the rest support those. You are severely overthinking this.

That isn’t new.
 
We don't need an army. We don't need a Brigade or a Division. But we do need ordnance.

And, if we want friends on the Mainland then we can earn that friendship by helping them maintain their own bubbles.
You are putting forward an inherent contradiction which then flows through most of your arguments.

Whether or not Canada needs an army is not dictated by geography. It is dictated by national policies. Geography may be a factor in what those national policies are.

Simply put, if one of our national policies is that we wish to be socially and economically linked with Europe and through our defence pacts assist them with security then the logical conclusion is that we need to have an army presence in Europe to form part of their deterrence posture and defence capabilities. The fact that we are an "island" nation is of no significance beyond the issue of logistics. That's the objective conclusion. The subjective ones concern how large a presence is needed in order to reap the national policy objective that we seek and to achieve the deterrent effect and combat capability that we seek.

Everything after that - brigade structures, LRPF, economic benefits, etc, etc are simply fallouts from the initial decision.

🍻
 
... if one of our national policies is that we wish to be socially and economically linked with Europe and through our defence pacts assist them with security then the logical conclusion is that we need to have an army presence in Europe

Simply and clearly stated.

In what way are we in disagreement?

IF - suggests that there is more than one course of action. I agree.
WISH - suggests a want and not a need. I agree.

Your need is predicated on wishes.

Absent the wish. Absent the need.

We don't need the army presence in Europe. We wish it.
 
I believe the reason the Russians were so opposed to Star Wars is that they had no faith in their own ability to generate a comparable system.
…which has pretty much been borne out in how it’s supposed pinnacle AD has worked (S-400 Triumf and to the degree that people talk S-500 Prometey), which is not well at all. Abysmal op effectiveness as well as declining street value on the international arms market are likely things that Russia would much prefer aren’t reality, but here they are.
 
Maybe the question is the way each of us uses the words. "Wish" is not something I would use as a term when discussing national policies.

We may "wish" that we had a higher national profile in Europe commensurate with our economic status. We don't have the clout that should come with such status. That's because we run a policy of pushing ourselves forward as a leading nation in human rights and social policies which few other countries give a fig about - see our various attempts to get on the UN Security Council.

A wise officer once told me that the reason that we deployed and maintained a brigade in Europe was because it was the smallest tactical symbol that showed up on the maps of every formation headquarters all the way up to NATO HQ. Everyone could see at a glance that Canada was there. It was a way of projecting ourselves as someone who was standing the post and who mattered.

We haven't mattered in a long time. In fact we show disrespect to our closest allies because our leadership lives in cloud cuckoo land.

If we "wish" to have a higher posture, then we "need" to provide concrete evidence of our commitment to collective defence. You do not do that with ordnance parked in Canada or even on the odd ship or airplane cruising around. That's simply a way of mollifying one important ally and not impressing the dozens of others. You do that by putting our people in a position of being in harm's way for the benefit in Europe. You do that by putting an army map symbol on every map in every headquarters in NATO. That's still a brigade one - even if its mostly a prepositioned brigade. As it is, our eFP presence only shows up on the more detailed large scale excerpts of the Baltics.

And yes. It matters.

🍻
 
Maybe the question is the way each of us uses the words. "Wish" is not something I would use as a term when discussing national policies.

We may "wish" that we had a higher national profile in Europe commensurate with our economic status. We don't have the clout that should come with such status. That's because we run a policy of pushing ourselves forward as a leading nation in human rights and social policies which few other countries give a fig about - see our various attempts to get on the UN Security Council.

A wise officer once told me that the reason that we deployed and maintained a brigade in Europe was because it was the smallest tactical symbol that showed up on the maps of every formation headquarters all the way up to NATO HQ. Everyone could see at a glance that Canada was there. It was a way of projecting ourselves as someone who was standing the post and who mattered.

We haven't mattered in a long time. In fact we show disrespect to our closest allies because our leadership lives in cloud cuckoo land.

If we "wish" to have a higher posture, then we "need" to provide concrete evidence of our commitment to collective defence. You do not do that with ordnance parked in Canada or even on the odd ship or airplane cruising around. That's simply a way of mollifying one important ally and not impressing the dozens of others. You do that by putting our people in a position of being in harm's way for the benefit in Europe. You do that by putting an army map symbol on every map in every headquarters in NATO. That's still a brigade one - even if its mostly a prepositioned brigade. As it is, our eFP presence only shows up on the more detailed large scale excerpts of the Baltics.

And yes. It matters.

🍻

Yes. It matters. Unambiguously.

And yes, I think our Foreign Affairs mob has not been fit for purpose in a very long time.

Yes, I wish to see a Canadian Flag on the NATO boards.

And yes I accept that the minimum requirement is a Brigade Group. I will even go so far as to say it should be modelled on 4 CMBG.

But given that Canada deployed 24 guns, helicopter observation det, a nuclear SSM battery and 2 AD batteries, while only maintaining two understrength, reinforceable infantry battalions and a strong tank regiment I might suggest that 4 CMBG is one that maximized ordnance and minimized manpower. Add that to the 12 squadrons in the 4 wings of 1 Canadian Air Division and Canada was committing a lot of technology to the defence of Europe. You could describe it as a highly productive use of manpower.

Take that mob in 2023 terms

24 howitzers become 18 howitzers and a LAM Brimstone type of battery
Helicopters become UAS
Nuclear battery becomes HIMARS LRPF battery or two - we could manage them from the manpower savings of the howitzers
2 AD batteries become 2 AD batteries but with much bigger bubbles

12 squadrons of sabres? Mixed force of F35s, RPAS and Kratos-Type drones.

Tank Regiment - Heavy Combined Arms Regiment
2x Infantry Battalions - 2x LAV Battalions with constant updating to best available technology.

4 CMBG did not need 1 SSM. But it increased the size of the flag on the NATO board and earned us jobs in the Autopact.

And jobs we don't just want. We need them.
 
If we "wish" to have a higher posture, then we "need" to provide concrete evidence of our commitment to collective defence. You do not do that with ordnance parked in Canada or even on the odd ship or airplane cruising around. That's simply a way of mollifying one important ally and not impressing the dozens of others. You do that by putting our people in a position of being in harm's way for the benefit in Europe. You do that by putting an army map symbol on every map in every headquarters in NATO. That's still a brigade one - even if its mostly a prepositioned brigade. As it is, our eFP presence only shows up on the more detailed large scale excerpts of the Baltics.

And yes. It matters.

🍻
Can the argument be made that the Canadian flag on the map doesn't necessarily have to represent a Mechanized Brigade? Prior to Ukraine I might have agreed with you that it did. Now I'm not as convinced.

Is there now, and will there be in the future the risk of conflict between NATO and Russia? I'd definitely say yes. Is it a given that such a conflict would take the form of major ground combat? I'm not so sure. Ultimately Russia can't compete with European NATO in terms of demographics, economics or industrial production. Add in the US and Russia wouldn't stand much of a chance in a strictly conventional conflict (Nuclear conflict is another thing altogether and conventional ground forces won't really matter at that point).

To my mind that makes it exceedingly unlikely that Russia will choose to launch a conventional ground invasion against NATO that it can't hope to win. Unconventional warfare is a possibility but a Mechanized Brigade isn't much good there. As we've already seen over the Black Sea there is definitely a chance that our air forces could clash. Same with naval forces. It's quite possible that both sides might choose to limit the conflict in such a situation and not escalate to a full-scale land war.

In that case might not a Canadian flag on the NATO map representing a Fighter Squadron or an AD Brigade be as welcome as one represented by a Mechanized Brigade?
 
Can the argument be made that the Canadian flag on the map doesn't necessarily have to represent a Mechanized Brigade? Prior to Ukraine I might have agreed with you that it did. Now I'm not as convinced.

Is there now, and will there be in the future the risk of conflict between NATO and Russia? I'd definitely say yes. Is it a given that such a conflict would take the form of major ground combat? I'm not so sure. Ultimately Russia can't compete with European NATO in terms of demographics, economics or industrial production. Add in the US and Russia wouldn't stand much of a chance in a strictly conventional conflict (Nuclear conflict is another thing altogether and conventional ground forces won't really matter at that point).

To my mind that makes it exceedingly unlikely that Russia will choose to launch a conventional ground invasion against NATO that it can't hope to win. Unconventional warfare is a possibility but a Mechanized Brigade isn't much good there. As we've already seen over the Black Sea there is definitely a chance that our air forces could clash. Same with naval forces. It's quite possible that both sides might choose to limit the conflict in such a situation and not escalate to a full-scale land war.

In that case might not a Canadian flag on the NATO map representing a Fighter Squadron or an AD Brigade be as welcome as one represented by a Mechanized Brigade?


Poland buying:

2 Swedish AEW&C aircraft

288 Chunmoos with 3456 GMRLS Ready to Fire or 1152 PrSM Ready to Fire.
506 HIMARS with 3036 GMRLS Ready to Fire (up to 150 km) or 1012 PrSM Ready to Fire (up to 500 km)

6 Coastal Defence Squadrons with NSM (6 Squadrons, 12 Batteries, 36 Launchers, 144 Ready to Fire NSMs) - 250 km

3 AD Divisions with Patriot (6 batteries, 48 Launchers, 192 Ready to Fire Patriots) - 20 to 160 km
24 SHORAD Batteries with CAMM (24 Batteries, 144 Launchers, 1152 Ready to Fire CAMMs) - 25 to 80 km

It strikes me that Poland aims to keep the threat contained well away from its borders and within the threats national territory.

Hopefully then they won't have to be using


400 Light Recce Vehicles - Wheeled
7-800 IFVs - Wheeled

1400 IFVs-Tracked
700 HIFVs-Tracked
1000 K2 Tanks
366 Abrams
233 Leopards
672 K9 Howitzers
170 Krabs

96 Apache Helicopters

48 FA-50 Fighters
32 F-35s

3 Type 31 Frigates
with an additional 384 CAMM AD missiles from 96 cells in three Mk41 VLS
 
I reckon that when Ukraine pushes the Russians out the Ukrainians are still going to have maintain an active defence on their border for a generation or a few. The same for the Baltics, Finland and Sweden.

We might need something similar up North.
 
Can the argument be made that the Canadian flag on the map doesn't necessarily have to represent a Mechanized Brigade? Prior to Ukraine I might have agreed with you that it did. Now I'm not as convinced.

Is there now, and will there be in the future the risk of conflict between NATO and Russia? I'd definitely say yes. Is it a given that such a conflict would take the form of major ground combat? I'm not so sure. Ultimately Russia can't compete with European NATO in terms of demographics, economics or industrial production. Add in the US and Russia wouldn't stand much of a chance in a strictly conventional conflict (Nuclear conflict is another thing altogether and conventional ground forces won't really matter at that point).

To my mind that makes it exceedingly unlikely that Russia will choose to launch a conventional ground invasion against NATO that it can't hope to win. Unconventional warfare is a possibility but a Mechanized Brigade isn't much good there. As we've already seen over the Black Sea there is definitely a chance that our air forces could clash. Same with naval forces. It's quite possible that both sides might choose to limit the conflict in such a situation and not escalate to a full-scale land war.

In that case might not a Canadian flag on the NATO map representing a Fighter Squadron or an AD Brigade be as welcome as one represented by a Mechanized Brigade?
I think that its only exceedingly unlikely that Russia will launch a conventional ground invasion if Russian leadership is utterly convinced by NATO conventional ground forces that any such move will lead to an absolute defeat for Russia. That in a nutshell is deterrence.

Russia launched its invasion of Ukraine because it thought Ukraine would be a walk over. There was not enough defence posture in Ukraine to convince Putin not to go.

At this point I wouldn't put anything beyond them because they've shown time and time again that they don't respect other people's borders or rights. Russian leadership has a twisted view of what it can and should do in its own perceived security interests. There are numerous former Warsaw Pact countries that it feels should return to its sphere of influence - Poland is one of those, the Baltics another and neither have the depth that Ukraine has.

If unconventional warfare is an issue and the mech brigade has no role (which I think they do) then bring something to deal with that too. CANSOFCOM would be useful for that.

The fighter squadron is better employed staying with NORAD. We don't have any squadrons to spare. It's not like when we had the real 1 Air Div there with 4 wings of 12 squadrons in CFE and more at home. We'll never have an AD brigade. Justin won't pay for it.

The Americans would very much like a mech brigade from us. It would allow them to keep one of theirs in reserve or alternately let ours form the reserve for their force like we did in CENTAG.

🍻
 
Members of Ukraine's 47th Separate Mechanized Brigade, which has taken part in the heaviest fighting in Zaporizhzhia Oblast, say the Paladins, along with donated Leopard 2A6 tanks, have helped their forces breach Russia's dense defensive lines.

Though the Paladin can fire standard 155mm howitzer shells with a range up to 24 kilometers, the Ukrainians are using the weapons to hit targets at less than 10 km, according to members of the 47th, in an interview with Ukraine’s United24 Media news outlet.

With its ability to hit targets and move away before the Russians could return fire, the Paladins played a significant role in the liberation of Robotyne, according to the brigade.

The Paladins fired between 50 and 100 rounds per day, often using U.S. donated cluster muntions.
“When the infantry needs help, there’s no room for economy,” United24 reported.

The Leopards, meanwhile, are used to cover troops advancing in Bradley Fighting Vehicles through "Russia's most advanced and complex layered defenses," according to Vitaliy, a tank commander with the 47th who says he has survived anti-tank guided missiles, loitering munitions and mines. Compared to the Soviet-era T-72 tanks Vitaliy was used to before, the Leopard is "superior in speed, accuracy, sight capabilities and armor."


50 to 100 rounds per day on shoot and scoot at close ranges with cluster munitions.
I believe 10 km is within 105mm howitzer and 120 mm mortar range. And from what I recall seeing elsewhere the typical firing solution seems to be spot with UAV, confirm with one round HE, fire one round cluster.

Paladin 39 rounds on board - 2-3 loads per day
AS90 48 rounds on board - 2-3 loads per day

PzH 2000 60 rounds on board -1-2 loads per day
Krab 40 rounds on board - 2-3 loads per day
K9 Thunder 48 rounds on board - 2-3 loads per day

RCH 155 30 rounds on board - 2-4 loads per day
Archer 20 rounds on board - 3-5 loads per day

The Swedish Mjolner 120mm mortar has a range of 9 to 13 km with 104 rounds on board and can fire the STRIX anti-tank bomb to 5 km.
1 load per day.
And it only weighs 22 tonnes.
The turret can also be fitted on the LAV.



AMOS carries 50 to 60 rounds
NEMO carries 50 to 60 rounds
RAK 120 carries 46 rounds.



....


Leopard 2A6 in overwatch as Infantry Support with 42 rounds on board.


....

Heavy Combined Arms Regiment of CV9035s, Mjolners and Leo 2s with Arty equipped with 155x L52?
 
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I’m of the opinion that a Mech/Heavy Bde for Canada is only really useful for Europe/NATO.
So that means predeployed, as Canada doesn’t have the ability to move equipment fast anywhere, and heavier equipment is not going anywhere easily from Canada.

I also don’t consider the LAV to make a Bn a Mech Bn (and consequently LAV Bn’s don’t then make a Mech Bde).
While I think the LAV 6.0 is a little overkill for the Medium Protected Mobility role, the fact is it’s off road mobility is significantly less than a MBT. It’s neither fish more fowl.

I do like the 120mm Mortar turret concept on the LAV, as I don’t see a value in the 81mm Mortar for Mech or MPM roles, and see it really only as a Light Bn system (I also like the 120mm towed Mortar for Less Light Light forces)
 
I’m of the opinion that a Mech/Heavy Bde for Canada is only really useful for Europe/NATO.
So that means predeployed, as Canada doesn’t have the ability to move equipment fast anywhere, and heavier equipment is not going anywhere easily from Canada.

I also don’t consider the LAV to make a Bn a Mech Bn (and consequently LAV Bn’s don’t then make a Mech Bde).
While I think the LAV 6.0 is a little overkill for the Medium Protected Mobility role, the fact is it’s off road mobility is significantly less than a MBT. It’s neither fish more fowl.

I do like the 120mm Mortar turret concept on the LAV, as I don’t see a value in the 81mm Mortar for Mech or MPM roles, and see it really only as a Light Bn system (I also like the 120mm towed Mortar for Less Light Light forces)

The problem that a pre-positioned Euro Brigade leads to is one of the tail wagging the dog.

Canada is currently structured to supply 3, maybe 4 at a stretch, brigades(groups).

As you state the reality is that Europe is the only place we can use a Mech/Heavy brigade and then only if it is pre-positioned.

Light or Light/Medium brigades are, in my opinion and I believe in yours, are functionally much more useful to the Canadian government and better aligned with their sense of the threat and Canadian voter's wishes.

But if we are manning a permanent presence in Europe does that mean that the other 2 or 3 brigades are merely Mech soldiers in waiting, champing at the bit to do some real soldiering in a garrison in Latvia?

Or should the emphasis be on training, and employing the light forces in real world scenarios with the time in the mech brigade seen as the disruption to their routine?

My sense of my era was that 4 CMBG was seen as the real army - 2 battalions and a tank regiment. The other brigades, that could have been actively engaged preparing for CAST and AMF(L) largely seemed to be at loose ends.

Trudeau's army reflected his LaPorte crisis experience. He wanted an urban force that the army detested. Rifles and armoured cars that would be at home in Northern Ireland.

Beatty's army, because Mulroney saw everything in transactional terms and wasn't committed to anything in particular -
Beatty's army nodded to the urban with the Bison armoured cars for the Militia and also with the Vital Point security forces, but also addressed the control of the terrain not accessible by roads with the planned purchase of hundreds of Bv206s.

Do the home brigades get equipped to train for the Euro Brigade or do they get equipped for domestic and international operations as an air-transportable, Hellyeresque force built on the lines of the ACE Mobile Force (Land)?

I lean towards prioritizing the light role and leaving the prepositioned brigade as lightly manned and minimally trained as possible. But I also want to see that brigade heavied up with GBAD and LRPFs, assets that can also be of value to the light forces and that should be built on platforms suitable for air transport.
 
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Honestly I’d make the Heavy Bde the outlier.
It’s a deterrent force, rotate postings there based on 4 year tours, and let folks stay as long as they want.
Put 2 Armor Reg’ts and 2 Inf Bn’s there.
MBT with T-HIFV
Then a Spt Bde of CER, RCHA, SVC Bn etc
Offer 1year unattached Class C spots.

Run a 3 month Mech familiarization before posting - and a larger confirmation Ex a few months after APS each year.
 
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