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DARPA's NOMARS program achieves a milestone with the first successful automated fueling-at-sea test

The NOMARS program is developing USVs that can function independently, eliminating the need for crew accommodations or safety provisions onboard. This recent test was conducted with support from the U.S. Navy’s PMS-406 (Unmanned Maritime Systems Program Office) and USV Squadron 1 (USVRON-1) using two experimental USVs: Ranger and Mariner.

Fueling USVs at sea poses unique challenges, as current methods require personnel to handle lines and hoses. These constraints complicate USV design and expose crew members to risks when transferring personnel during adverse sea conditions. The NOMARS program addresses these challenges by implementing a refueling approach that keeps humans aboard the refueling vessel while automating operations on the USV.

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A Ukrainian sea drone has destroyed a Russian helicopter off the coast of Crimea for the first time.

Footage of the attack shared by HUR, Kyiv’s military intelligence, showed the drone bobbing on the sea as the aircraft manoeuvred above.

Plumes of water splashed up next to the Magura V5 drone as Russian fire hit the sea around it. What appeared to be rockets were launched towards the helicopter, which could later be seen plunging into the sea.

A second aircraft was also targeted in the strike but was only damaged and was able to limp back to a nearby airfield, Kyiv said. Ukraine’s defence ministry described it as a “historic strike”.

 

It appears that the LUSV and MUSV programmes are about to be rolled into one with the OSV platform (previously the LUSV then redesignated the MUSV) being the base model.

The US Navy’s surface warfare requirements director, Rear Admiral William Daly, has raised serious questions about the future of Large Unmanned Surface Vessels (LUSV) in the make-up of the fleet, leaving similar questions given Australia’s proposed focus on the platforms.

Speaking to an audience at the Surface Navy Association’s annual symposium, RADM Daly, the man responsible for guiding investments into the service’s future surface warfare capabilities, including high-profile programs such as the Medium and Large Unmanned Surface Vessels, stressed that he remained “sceptical” of the widespread deployment of Large Unmanned Surface Vessels.

“Instead of different large and medium designs, we need one craft that is affordable, non-exquisite, and can come off multiple production lines in an identical manner and go towards one of two payloads – either the envisioned magazine payload of the Large USV or the envisioned ISR-related Medium USV payloads,” RADM Daly told the audience, according to US-based Breaking Defense.

Unpacking this further, RADM Daly told journalists, “The Large USV has a great purpose, but it has it has walked that path towards exquisite, expensive [and] unpalatable ... I’m sceptical about that landing in the fleet.”

This gradual lurching towards an exquisite and expensive platforms flies in the face of what was originally envisaged at the origins of the program to provide a cost-effective, easy to mass produce platform to add further hulls and, importantly, missile payloads away from an emphasis on billion-dollar surface combatants like guided missile destroyers and frigates.

As part of his role and a shift away from the seemingly inevitable lurch towards large, expensive platforms, RADM Daley detailed his focus, saying, “So now I’m getting back to the threshold levels of what the previous Large USV was envisioned to carry. It’s a very appropriate, inexpensive, feasible, producible, elegant solution to two problems that can come at speed.”


The 194-foot long Mariner is also equipped with datalinks and systems to function as a mothership for other USVs, making it easier for the Navy to now experiment with multiple unmanned craft at the same time.

“Now we can take two of our USVs and go out and do multi-vessel [operations] and control and not necessarily have to take a DDG off of actual fleet operations to go to that,” Moton said. “It gives us that ability to just get there that much more quickly through the testing and the different scenarios.”

Mariner also features the command and control portions of the Aegis combat system and can link to other Aegis ships in the fleet. The Navy added a third electrical generator, on top of the two generators in the original design for redundancy and the aft part of the USV can fit containerized payloads. The convertible mission area can accommodate two 20-foot payloads in the front and either four 40-foot payloads or eight 20-food payloads in the back

Four 40-foot payloads means 4 Mk70 PDS with 4 cells each allowing for a full load of 16 Tomahawks or SM6s or 64 ESSMs.

And a bunch of other stuff in seacans.
 
GARC! GARC! GARC!

Global Autonomous Reconnaissance Craft - To be fielded at the rate of 32 per month

A 16ft RHIB with no crew and a bunch of sensors.

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No effectors as of yet but...

The USMC has mounted Israeli LAMs on is uncrewed Long Range Surveillance Vessel

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And the Ukrainians have mounted machine guns and SAMs on their USVs.

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...

So GARCs on the surface and Ghost Sharks below?

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...

AOPS

How many GARCs and Ghost Sharks could a single AOPS support?
 
New evolution.

Autonomous Surface Effect Ships.

The Norwegians have been operating their Skjolds for over 25 years. The Skjolds are shallow draft catamarans that float on a bubble of air. Low displacement (274 tonnes full load), high speed (up to 60 knots in calm seas, 25 knots in SS5) with a crew of 15-16.

Strategic Marine of Singapore has started to supply SES variants of Offshore Supply Vessels.

The next step has been to marry up the platform with Autonomous pilotage technologies to produce a Minimally-Optionally Crewed Vessel that can carry 40ft TEUs. This creates a multi-role platform.

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According to the Euronaval presentation - the craft fits within the footprint of an LCAC in an LHD, and is beachable. It has a range at 50 knots of 1000 nautical miles.

This seems to fit with the USMCs EABO/Light Amphibious Warship/Stand In Force requirement.
 
Ukrainian forces are increasingly adapting these drones for multi-role capabilities, equipping them with missile launchers and advanced payloads. Ukraine has effectively turned its USVs into robotic drone carriers capable of launching explosive FPV drones at Russian coastal targets. One of Ukraine’s latest sea drones, can launch up to four quadcopter First-Person View (FPV) drones and may carry naval mines, enabling complex multi-phase attacks. Ukrainian intelligence recently announced that their sea drones have been upgraded to carry over a ton of explosives and can now operate across distances exceeding 1,000 kilometers (about 621 miles), significantly expanding their strike range and lethality across the Black Sea.

“The cost of USVs such as Magura V5 and Sea Baby is about $250,000,

 
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Interesting comparison - The MTB


Fairmile D MTB

The boat carried 5,200 gallons of 100 octane fuel for a range, at maximum continuous speed, of 506 nautical miles. Armament varied according to role but could include four 18-inch or two 21-inch torpedoes, 6-pounder and 2-pounder guns, Oerlikons, multiple machine guns and depth charges.

506 nautical miles is 937 km.

21 crew and a skipper with a flashy scarf.

....

Ukraine - one nerd on shore with a cup of coffee.
 
Further to... this is worth highlighting.

Whether sea drones or air drones

“The sea is a highly dynamic environment so it has been a more difficult domain to design robust and reliable systems for. Given Ukraine’s people-constrained navy, they have relied on unmanned systems which Ukraine has adeptly made cost efficiently and therefore largely disposable. The sophistication of this technology right now is less important than its scale and cost. Scale for drones is what will help win wars.”
 
Interesting comparison - The MTB




506 nautical miles is 937 km.

21 crew and a skipper with a flashy scarf.

....

Ukraine - one nerd on shore with a cup of coffee.
You know Canada and America dropped MTBs after WWII because they no longer served our needs right?

Having 500 MTB USVs in Canadian waters is less useful than 12 CPFs for Canada.
 
You know Canada and America dropped MTBs after WWII because they no longer served our needs right?

Having 500 MTB USVs in Canadian waters is less useful than 12 CPFs for Canada.

And if our enemy is operating 500 MTB USVs? In the Baltic? Or the Taiwan Straits?
 
And if our enemy is operating 500 MTB USVs? In the Baltic? Or the Taiwan Straits?
We don't put our heavies in those waters, and let the locals deal with the MTBs.

We need to cross oceans to get to the fight, so our requirements for a navy are different than those who will fight in local waters.

Also, we have nearly two decades of experience with USVs, that we carry on our heavies as targets for gun shoots. The skills and technology already exist in the RCN, they just haven't been weaponized, because we haven't needed to weaponize them.
 
And if our enemy is operating 500 MTB USVs? In the Baltic? Or the Taiwan Straits?
Who cares? We do the far blockade and choke China off from Singapore and beyond. Stand off outside the first island chain and send ordinance into the straight, following the Hellscape doctrine. Come out and play.

The Baltic is a UAV and missile playground, why even go there? The terrain is contingent on the equipment, and we don't put large warships into the Baltic. Frankly neither do the Swedes, Fins, Germans or Russians. They get it. It's small ship, small sub and UAV cat and mouse.
 
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