The Japanese approach since 2022: Buying lots of UAVs and, it seems, experimenting.
The transition from manned attack helicopters to unmanned systems is one of the most significant structural shifts in GSDF aviation in decades. With ¥11.1 billion now formally appropriated, five airframes authorized, and two completed test and evaluation programs on record, Japan’s ground forces are moving from planning to procurement
The policy driving this procurement traces directly to Japan’s Defense Buildup Program, approved by the cabinet in December 2022. That plan mandated the phased elimination of the GSDF’s AH-1S Cobra anti-tank helicopters and AH-64D Apache combat helicopters, with their firepower and reconnaissance missions transferred to multi-purpose and attack UAVs. The wide-area UAV line in the fiscal year 2026 budget is the first confirmed funding step toward that force structure objective. The Defense Buildup Program’s longer-term organizational annex calls for the establishment of one multi-purpose unmanned aircraft unit within the GSDF by approximately fiscal year 2032.
Japan's fiscal year 2026 defense budget, enacted on April 7, includes ¥11.1 billion ($69.7 million) earmarked for the acquisition of five "wide-area UAVs" for the Ground Self-Defense Force, according to budget documents published by the Ministry of Defense. The budget line
defence-blog.com
UAVs under consideration as replacement for AH-1S Cobra and AH-64 Apache attack helicopters:
the Turkish-made Bayraktar TB2S
the Israeli-made Heron Mk II
the US-made General Atomics’ Gray Eagle 25M, the modernized variant of the MQ-1C, ... could theoretically meet the requirement.
The Gray Eagle 25M completed its first flight in December 2023 and has begun deliveries to U.S. Army National Guard units.
SUBARU signed a contract with the Acquisition, Technology & Logistics Agency in December 2023 worth approximately ¥660 million to conduct a concept-demonstration study for a vertical-takeoff-and-landing multi-purpose UAV, with a delivery deadline of February 2025.
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Just as interesting is the speed of processing these projects
The Ministry of Defense issued its second Request for Information on multi-purpose UAVs on January 30, 2026, following an initial RFI in March 2025. The submission deadline for industry responses to the second RFI was March 12, 2026
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I notice the VTOL interest.
I wonder if the Kratos success has reminded people of the utility of RATO (Rocket Assisted Take Off) systems. Virtually any aircraft could benefit from a rocket boost at launch to eliminate the need for a runway. And rockets are cheap.
The exhaust from those hot launches does have to be managed though.