The 'contract', or fiduciary relationship, places an enduring onus upon the Crown to care for indigenous peoples...
In broad legal terms, a “fiduciary” is “one who holds anything in trust,” or “who holds a position of trust or confidence with respect to someone else.” Hence, a “fiduciary relationship” is one in which someone in a position of trust has “rights and powers which he is bound to exercise for the benefit” of another. Such relationships include those between trustees and their beneficiaries, solicitors and their clients, and so forth.
(2)
The Supreme Court of Canada has adapted these largely private law concepts to the context of Crown-Aboriginal relations. In the 1950s, the Court observed that the
Indian Act “embodie[d] the accepted view that these aborigines are … wards of the state, whose care and welfare are a political trust of the highest obligation.”
(3) The Court’s landmark 1984 decision
Guerin v.
R. (1984)
(4) portrayed this relationship more fully, and established that it could or did entail legal consequences.