Gibson, I can only tell you about courses I have done, or are about to do, but here goes...
BMQ, you know already.
SQ (Soldier Qualification) is next, if you are in the army. Everybody in the army gets this one, from clerks to arty to armour and of course infantry. You will learn some basic offensive/defensive and patrolling, and how to throw hand grenades and fire the Carl Gustav anti-armour weapon, and shoot the C6 and C9 machine guns. There will be some navigation, PT, mine awareness, and other courses mixed in.
You will then have to do your trade. Assuming you are infantry, you will do your DP1 INFANTRY (aka "BIQ"). You will learn things that are specific just to infantry soldiers, such as the 60mm mortar, M203 grenade launcher, and more offensive/defensive ops, recce patrolling, more navigation, AFV identification, FIBUA, tank hunting, using the claymore mine, etc.
After you are done your MOC course, you can take other courses, such as driver and comms. Several of my fellow infantry grads from last summer are doing a comms course right now, learning how to turn on a radio and push the talk button.
I am getting myself psyched up to do a DP2A Platoon Support Weapons Qualification course in March. This includes more C6 machine gun in the sustained-fire role, pistols, small arms coaching, and the mortar from the bipod.
"DP" stands for "Developmental Period" and it is during DP2 that you can do your "PLQ" or Primary Leadership Qualification. This used to be called JLC. This course qualifies you to become a Master Corporal, although you can do the course and not see a promotion for a long time. I have no idea what the PLQ cirriculum is, but apparently it is done in 6 modules now.
After that, in terms of carerr progression, there is ILQ (Intermediate?) and ALQ (Advanced) leadership courses, and finally the Chief Warrant Officer‘s Course (CWOC).
As always, things are subject to change.
They should have mentioned most of these on your BMQ course during a lecture on professional development.
Oh, if you are reserve, good luck getting some of the other fancy courses such as recce and sniper. I completely forgot about the jump course. You can do that as soon as you have your MOC qualification, so long as your regiment has a spot and wants to send you.
Good troops get offered courses, so parade and show up for exercises!
