Sadly Arctic Sovereignty should be the low hanging fruit for even a Liberal government to address.
- NORAD modernization
- Arctic infrastructure improvements
- Deep water ports
- Airfield upgrades
- Water and Power infrastructure
- Roads
- Accommodations & other support facilities
- Improved/increased SAR, Coast Guard, DFO, Environment Canada presence/coverage
- Establishment of a Light (Arctic Response) Brigade
All of these things would be looked upon positively by our US neighbours, would contribute toward our 2% of GDP defence spending target, would create jobs and improve the quality of life of our Arctic population, improve access for potential private sector investment opportunities and of course strengthen our sovereignty - all without having to buy the kind of high profile major weapon systems (tanks, IFVs, artillery, etc.) that make the Left side of the political spectrum have fits.
There are some answers and problems interspersed throughout all the forums regarding Canada defending the North. This question was posed and studied when the CAF had CANADA COMMAND (CANCOM) and CANADIAN OPERATIONS SUPPORT COMMAND (CANOSCOM). Numerous were produced and presented to the higher levels and eventually to the MND, but the overall questions remained : What do you want for defence of the North? The second questions that stops all politicians is the eye watering expense.
Most Canadians, including those in the military, don't have any concept of how big the North really is and the imposing challenges the vast barren geographic expanse, fridge climate, and the lack of communities / communications / commercial infrastructure. These factors poses significant engineering and well human resources challenges.
Should the defence be based primarily Air or Naval or Land Forces? This brings up other questions: is the F35 suitable for the north? How many Air Bases would be required? Should the Navy have nuclear powered submarines and Ice Breakers (what ice breaking capability? Does AOPs count?) For Land Forces, are the Canadian Rangers sufficient? Should there be an Arctic based army formation? How big should this formation be? Platoon? Company? Battalion? Brigade? Division? I think that you are starting to understand the immense challenges and cost.
Should we look to the USA, Russia, Norway, Sweden or Norway for their solutions?
At the end of the day, DND / CAF provides recommendations and the Government will decide. Note all the governments since I've joined the CAF (1978) have looked at this problem and all have: balked at the estimated cost for all options; or any consideration for the North have been over ridden by more immediate political concerns - deficit reduction; escalating health expenditures and so forth.
I would recommend that when the government decides what it means by defence of the North, they gradually builds up the government's (Federal, provincial, territory) capabilities (DND, Transport, Fisheries, Environment and so forth). This will be a generational (25 years or more) change.
I have been through Liberal and Conservative governments and at the end they are all the same. Despite what we may think of our political leaders and their staff, they are quite intelligent, capable and they have the country's interests at heart. We must remember that Defence considerations is just one of the many pressing issues that they must deal. In order to get consensus they are trying to herd cats.
Cheers