2 cents...
Re: holsters. Recruits, from their first few days, wear their duty belt with the hard rubber 'Redman' gun in their holster. One quickly learns how to remove it cleanly from their holster, or that of a fallen officer. When one is properly trained, it isn't difficult to get it out fast.
Re: empty hand Use of Force. Initial training provides about 20 odd hours of this. (I'm including Service training, plus time at the Ontario Police College...which new recruits must pay for themselves. Makes one wish for the good old days when the taxpayer paid for your training...)
While it is always nice to know a form of self defence, the hard truth of the matter comes down to what is interpreted by the courts and the public. If you use a method that was *not* taught to you, you are open to a lawsuit. So...if you're in a scrap, and use 'unofficial' self defence to break the bad guy's arm, you can get sued. Now...if you used your baton and broke his arm...that's fine, because the baton is a less lethal item issued to you, and broken arms can result from the correct use of the baton. (But you better use the equipment the way you were trained...use your handcuffs as 'brass knuckles' and you're toast.)
Re: less lethal vs. non lethal. The term has come courtesy of our lawsuit happy friends south of the border. Less lethal implies that it *could* cause death, while non lethal implies it *cannot* cause death. When an item is said to be non lethal, it opens up the possibility of a wrongful death suit on those occasions where the criminal has an adverse reaction to the OC, Taser, or whatever.
Re: C8's replacing shotguns. Too 'militaristic'; the citizenry does not want to see the average officer armed with "a machine gun". Then there's the expense, modifying scout cars to carry them, training, requal, ammo...these thing add up to a Police Service Board saying, "No." But mainly it's the first reason...you had to see how hard some Services had to fight to get black shirts instead of the light blue ones. Eventually the issue of officer safety won out...but what a political mess that one was. Doubt this? Remember...the Metropolitan Toronto Police Force became the Metropolitan Toronto Police Service because "Force" was, among other things, too offensive. I've viewed complaints about cargo pants with the statement that it was 'too militaristic'! (But what's worse...that somebody complained...or that somebody had to respond...at length...to this complaint?)
Re: what's in use:
TPS - Glocks in .40 cal, with a few dinosaurs 'grandfathering' in their .38's.
YRP - custom Beretta Centurions in .40 cal, but Beretta expects continual orders on custom products, so Glocks will be the most likely replacement.
OPP - Sigs in .40 cal.
Universal - Shotguns of various makes, OC, and 21' Asps or straight sticks. PR-24's...the side handle batons...are supposed to be phased out as it takes actual skill to use one properly, while, "a straight stick works on basic 'physical memory' principles...you know, caveman with stick bash head." (Yes...that's the actual terminology used by a consulting expert physician!)