The NATO Force Model (NFM) which includes an Allied Reaction Force (ARF) to replace the NATO Response Force (NRF) and the Very High Readiness Joint Task Force (VJTF).
The NFM consists of three committed tiers of forces supplied by member nations. Tier 1 forces numbering 100,000 are to be committed within 0 to 10 days following the eruption of a crisis or a predictive warning. These will be mostly forces already in place. Tier 2 forces number 200,000 and are to be ready within 10 to 30 days. Tier 3 forces number roughly 500,000 and must be ready for action within 30 to 180 days.
[1] Tier 1 and 2 forces are mostly assigned to specific geographic defence plans so that they can train for their tasks.
[2] One needs to take note of these tiers as they establish readiness guidelines that can, and should, be applied to any given country’s force structures.
[1] John R. Deni, “The New NATO Force Model: ready for launch?”
Outlook, No. 04, (Brusselles: NATO Defense College, May 2024), 2.
[2] Sven Biscop, “The New Force Model: NATO’s European Army? Egmont Policy Brief 285,” Brusseles: Egmont Royal Institute for International Relations, September 2022.