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I know we say "innocent until proven guilty", but ... this certainly doesn't look good:
Multi-millionaire bureaucrat probed
Former Defence employee denies wrongdoing on subcontracts
Andrew McIntosh, National Post
Monday, July 05, 2004
Photo credit: Jean Levac, CanWest News Service
Paul Champagne's sprawling home in a new subdivision in Ottawa includes tennis courts, a pool and a separate fitness centre.
OTTAWA - On June 25, 2001, a tiny computer systems company called RMC Systems Inc. issued a cheque for $95,524.79 to Paul Champagne, an affable mid-level Canadian military bureaucrat in Ottawa.
Mr. Champagne, who had invoiced the company for that sum three weeks earlier, cashed his cheque on June 29 after endorsing it. The single payment gave the civilian contracts manager a sum almost twice the $58,000 he normally earned at National Defence headquarters each year.
Three years later, this previously unknown payment and hundreds like it are now being examined by RCMP detectives and federal auditors as part of a sweeping investigation into how $146-million was allegedly siphoned out of National Defence over a 10-year period using a simple yet ingenious phony invoice scheme.
The RCMP and auditors are specifically investigating whether up to $70-million of that money went to Mr. Champagne as the invoicing irregularities went undetected for years, according to documents and sources familiar with the probe.
The Canadian military fired Mr. Champagne in September, 2003.
National Defence officials alleged the bureaucrat was responsible for "serious billing irregularities" involving military computer subcontracts awarded through Compaq Canada and, later, Hewlett-Packard Canada, which bought Compaq.
They asked police and forensic auditors to investigate.
Mr. Champagne has denied wrongdoing, insisting he became a multi-millionaire thanks to stock market investments and luck at Las Vegas gaming tables.
During the period now under investigation, Mr. Champagne amassed more than $20-million worth of investments and residential real estate in Canada, Florida and the Caribbean, including a $2-million beachfront mansion in the Turks and Caicos.
His home in Ottawa, now worth more than $1.4-million, is in an exclusive gated community and has tennis courts, a gym and a pool. His third, three-car garage home in Hudson, Fla., sits on a lush golf course development and also has a pool. He also launched a company, Green Gables Custom Homes Ltd.
Mr. Champagne did not return repeated phone calls seeking comment for this story.
Additional requests seeking his comment were made verbally and in writing to Sally Heather Burks, his Ottawa lawyer. Those requests also went unanswered.
The National Post has learned that in mid-March federal auditors and RCMP detectives were given boxes of invoices and cancelled cheques detailing the millions of dollars in payments to Mr. Champagne from RMC Systems.
RMC, based in Carp, Ont., is owned by Michael Roots.
The payments totalled almost $70-million, according to a lawyer with knowledge of the invoicing probe and Allan O'Brien, a lawyer for RMC.
A copy of the aforementioned $95,524.79 cheque cashed by Mr. Champagne in June, 2001 -- obtained by the National Post -- shows RMC paid him the $95,524.79 for "consulting" work on a Canadian military computer subcontract.
The cheque was deposited into a Bank of Nova Scotia account at a branch on Hazeldean Road in Kanata, Ont., the document shows.
Exactly why Mr. Champagne accepted the $95,524.79 remains unclear.
Bureaucrats are forbidden from taking money from government contractors.
Like many documents, though, the RMC cheques payable to Mr. Champagne and the bureaucrat's own invoices to the company tell only part of the story.
At a secret March 11 meeting, Mr. Roots alleged to federal lawyers and auditors that he was duped by Mr. Champagne to facilitate what officials now suspect is the largest, most brazen fraud a Canadian bureaucrat has ever committed.
At the meeting was Allan Lenczner, a Toronto litigator hired by the federal government to help recover its losses, two Justice Department lawyers and military auditor Phillip Dempster. Mr. O'Brien joined the group.
Mr. Roots alleged to federal officials that Mr. Champagne posed as a well-connected computer consultant with military and industry contacts who needed help to handle billing and collection services for lucrative military subcontracts.
RMC would handle all billings and collections for Mr. Champagne and get a 15% cut. When Mr. Roots pressed Mr. Champagne for details, he allegedly told them the subcontracts involved a secret military project and gave no details.
Mr. Roots alleged to federal officials that neither he nor RMC employees knew Mr. Champagne was a federal bureaucrat Mr. Roots said he only learned the "consultant" was really a bureaucrat in September, 2003, after having dealt with him for a decade.
That was when the National Post revealed the dismissal of Mr. Champagne by National Defence and the launch of an RCMP probe.
Mr. Roots "suddenly felt his world crashing around him," suffered unthinkable embarrassment and has since closed down RMC, Mr. O'Brien said.
"The only solace he could take out of the whole matter was that there were individuals and corporations that were much more sophisticated than he that were also taken," Mr. O'Brien said. "Assuming everyone is telling the truth, everyone has been duped. It is astounding National Defence did not detect this for years. It is astounding that this took place at all," he added.
The series of events that follow were described by a confidential source familiar with details of the federal investigation into Mr. Champagne's activities and who is familiar with the statement given to federal officials by Mr. Roots.
They were also confirmed on the record by Mr. O'Brien, who agreed to be interviewed on behalf of the businessman.
Mr. Roots said his dealings with Mr. Champagne began in 1992 or 1993, when Mr. Champagne allegedly approached Mr. Roots.
Mr. Roots knew Mr. Champagne as an industry contact who had worked as a manager at Ottawa military systems firm DY-4 Systems.
Mr. Roots believed Mr. Champagne had become a consultant with "high-level military contacts" and contacts "with major DND contractors."
Mr. Champagne allegedly told Mr. Roots he was expecting computer system subcontracts soon from prime contractors, including Compaq.
He asked for help. Mr. Champagne said he wanted to be the hands-on guy getting deals. He wanted no paperwork, just profits, Mr. O'Brien said.
Mr. Champagne allegedly made Mr. Roots an offer."I'll get the subcontracts from Compaq," he reportedly said. "You and RMC will handle all of the subcontract invoicing, account collections and bookkeeping, using RMC as the vehicle," he continued. Mr. Champagne allegedly promised to supply RMC information needed to prepare invoices to send to Compaq and collect payments. In exchange, Mr. Champagne would pay RMC 15% of each contract.
Mr. Champagne would bill RMC, which would add its fees and itself bill Compaq.
Asked about the subcontracts, Mr. Champagne was vague. The men struck a deal and, Mr. Roots contends, that's when Mr. Champagne's alleged deception began.
Mr. Champagne soon kept his promise.
Millions of dollars in subcontracts began to flow to tiny RMC -- or so it appeared.
RMC kept its end of the bargain too, sending out invoices and collecting payments.
A series of invoices and the cheque obtained by the Post included extremely vague language and baffling military acronyms:
On May 30, 2001, RMC prepared an invoice to itself from Mr. Champagne, at his request, for "professional services." It was for $95,524.79.
At the top, it carried: "CIC &LCMM (401921) CCDI." Services provided by Mr. Champagne and his people supposedly included "professional services performed within the framework of Customized Integration Consulting and Life Cycle Material Maintenance."
Also done was "Systems Management Consulting." No detail about who did the work, where it was done or when appeared on Mr. Champagne's invoice.
It carried his home address of 141 Kerry Hill Crescent in Dunrobin, his mansion outside Ottawa.
RMC added its charges and invoiced Compaq.
RMC's invoice offered more detail, billing for 320 hours of computer maintenance service work and "customized integration as per statement of work" at a rate of $155 per hour.
Another $55,430 was for "parts and equipment required on project."
The total: $112,382.10. It mentioned the same SOPC17 cited by Mr. Champagne's invoice, but nowhere was Mr. Champagne's name. Again, no mention of where the work was done, when or by whom. Ditto for the parts.
The invoice went to Compaq, which billed DND.
DND paid Compaq's bill.
Then, Compaq paid RMC's bill and, by June 25, 2001, RMC paid Mr. Champagne's bill and sent him his $95,524.79 cheque.
- - -
Such "deals" allegedly continued for a decade.
RMC accountants did basic year-end audits. There were also GST audits.
RMC staff asked Mr. Champagne for documents showing the work he described was done, Mr. O'Brien said. Mr. Champagne allegedly replied: "The documents and back-up data are there if necessary, but you don't have the security clearances to see it. This is top secret."
Mr. Roots came from a family where security clearances were the norm. He has relatives in the intelligence world.
His father worked on the Apollo and space shuttle projects, work that required a "top secret" clearance.
Mr. Roots did not think Mr. Champagne's reply was odd.
"As curious as he might be, he understood he wasn't entitled to know about the work being done," Mr. O'Brien said.
Unlike RMC, Compaq/HP staffers actually knew Mr. Champagne worked for National Defence. They, too, questioned the RMC deals.
Mr. Champagne allegedly told Compaq/HP officials there would be extra subcontract work awarded to RMC via the Compaq/HP prime contract.
He urged Compaq/HP officials not to worry; these deals would increase, not reduce, their billings, he explained.
Mr. Champagne allegedly told Compaq/HP to mark up RMC invoices -- adding its own 29% fee for processing RMC bills -- and resend them to DND for payment.
When Compaq or HP officials asked about RMC work, he allegedly replied: "The documents are available if needed; otherwise the work is top secret." Nobody at RMC in outlying Carp talked to anybody at Compaq or HP in Quebec.
"He was obviously very clever. He knew if he chose the right parties and kept them apart, he could run a very successful scheme," Mr. O'Brien said. "It never dawns on anyone that no services were ever being provided. It was too incredible to even think about it," he added.
"As far as Michael Roots was concerned, Paul Champagne was a highly successful, highly dedicated and ethical family man. He had a lovely house. He was a very affable and dynamic individual," Mr. O'Brien said.
- - -
After payments from RMC started arriving, Paul Champagne started spending.
In June, 1995, he and his wife spent $202,000 to purchase a home in Hudson, Fla. Located at 9309 Tournament Drive, it is in a golf course development 50 kilometres north of Tampa. The stucco-style home, on a 10,149-square-foot lot, has a three-car garage and a pool. In Ottawa, he and his wife spent $540,492 buying lots in a new country subdivision in Dunrobin between 1994 and 1997. Their sprawling, gated home now includes added buildings for tennis courts, a separate physical fitness centre and pool. Property assessors say it's worth $1.4-million.
The Champagnes have mortgaged it to the hilt, first securing a $900,000 mortgage in August, 2001.
Even as Mr. Champagne was under RCMP investigation, Scotiabank lent him another $500,000, again using the home as collateral on March 4.
Mr. Champagne also quietly became an early stage investor in several high-tech companies in Ottawa at the height of the technology boom. In a filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 4, 2004, Mr. Champagne disclosed that he owns 3,463,625 shares in an Ottawa-based company called Workstream Inc. That's an 11.9% stake.
Workstream shares trade on the Nasdaq; at Friday's closing prices, his stake is worth over U.S. $8.7-million.
- - -
It is unclear how or when the alleged invoicing scheme started to unravel.
Military industry sources suggest a 2001 audit found irregularities, but nobody wanted to dig deeper. DND will not release the audit but does not deny rumours.
Last March, David Pratt, the then-defence minister, said, "The RCMP is looking into this matter. There are a lot of details here that will be forthcoming."
DND and the RCMP have said little since.
HP Canada launched its own probe. Heads rolled.
Said a lawyer familiar with the case: "Why did nobody at HP ask 'Why are we making $4-5-million a year for doing nothing?"
HP Canada spokesman Rob Ireland replied: "It was a unique situation. No other Canadian client could credibly declare subcontract work top secret and get away with it. None."
In May, the government recovered $146-million from HP Canada after federal lawyers threatened to sue because of the billing irregularities.
Mr. Roots' documents bolstered the government's case.
But Mr. Roots will never forget how his world allegedly became unglued.
In August or early September of 2003, Mr. Champagne allegedly called. His "subcontracts" with National Defence had "come to an end," he announced.
Mr. Roots suspected Mr. Champagne had "a falling out" with his contacts.
Mr. O'Brien says Mr. Roots and Mr. Champagne have not spoken since then or after the scandal exploded in Parliament on March 10.
Mr. Roots called Mr. Champagne a few times for an explanation but was given none.
Apart from his dismissal, Mr. Champagne has remained unscathed.
Canada has no extradition treaty with the Turks and Caicos, but a deal could be reached to have Mr. Champagne returned to Canada if required.
RMC has no plans to sue Mr. Champagne, Mr. O'Brien said.
But HP Canada has vowed to sue unnamed subcontractors and individuals, saying the Canadian government has agreed to help.
Mr. O'Brien is uncertain what HP can do.
"RMC was duped. It's pretty hard for HP to argue that they can be legitimately duped, but that we [RMC and Roots] cannot," he said.
Multi-millionaire bureaucrat probed
Former Defence employee denies wrongdoing on subcontracts
Andrew McIntosh, National Post
Monday, July 05, 2004
Photo credit: Jean Levac, CanWest News Service
Paul Champagne's sprawling home in a new subdivision in Ottawa includes tennis courts, a pool and a separate fitness centre.
OTTAWA - On June 25, 2001, a tiny computer systems company called RMC Systems Inc. issued a cheque for $95,524.79 to Paul Champagne, an affable mid-level Canadian military bureaucrat in Ottawa.
Mr. Champagne, who had invoiced the company for that sum three weeks earlier, cashed his cheque on June 29 after endorsing it. The single payment gave the civilian contracts manager a sum almost twice the $58,000 he normally earned at National Defence headquarters each year.
Three years later, this previously unknown payment and hundreds like it are now being examined by RCMP detectives and federal auditors as part of a sweeping investigation into how $146-million was allegedly siphoned out of National Defence over a 10-year period using a simple yet ingenious phony invoice scheme.
The RCMP and auditors are specifically investigating whether up to $70-million of that money went to Mr. Champagne as the invoicing irregularities went undetected for years, according to documents and sources familiar with the probe.
The Canadian military fired Mr. Champagne in September, 2003.
National Defence officials alleged the bureaucrat was responsible for "serious billing irregularities" involving military computer subcontracts awarded through Compaq Canada and, later, Hewlett-Packard Canada, which bought Compaq.
They asked police and forensic auditors to investigate.
Mr. Champagne has denied wrongdoing, insisting he became a multi-millionaire thanks to stock market investments and luck at Las Vegas gaming tables.
During the period now under investigation, Mr. Champagne amassed more than $20-million worth of investments and residential real estate in Canada, Florida and the Caribbean, including a $2-million beachfront mansion in the Turks and Caicos.
His home in Ottawa, now worth more than $1.4-million, is in an exclusive gated community and has tennis courts, a gym and a pool. His third, three-car garage home in Hudson, Fla., sits on a lush golf course development and also has a pool. He also launched a company, Green Gables Custom Homes Ltd.
Mr. Champagne did not return repeated phone calls seeking comment for this story.
Additional requests seeking his comment were made verbally and in writing to Sally Heather Burks, his Ottawa lawyer. Those requests also went unanswered.
The National Post has learned that in mid-March federal auditors and RCMP detectives were given boxes of invoices and cancelled cheques detailing the millions of dollars in payments to Mr. Champagne from RMC Systems.
RMC, based in Carp, Ont., is owned by Michael Roots.
The payments totalled almost $70-million, according to a lawyer with knowledge of the invoicing probe and Allan O'Brien, a lawyer for RMC.
A copy of the aforementioned $95,524.79 cheque cashed by Mr. Champagne in June, 2001 -- obtained by the National Post -- shows RMC paid him the $95,524.79 for "consulting" work on a Canadian military computer subcontract.
The cheque was deposited into a Bank of Nova Scotia account at a branch on Hazeldean Road in Kanata, Ont., the document shows.
Exactly why Mr. Champagne accepted the $95,524.79 remains unclear.
Bureaucrats are forbidden from taking money from government contractors.
Like many documents, though, the RMC cheques payable to Mr. Champagne and the bureaucrat's own invoices to the company tell only part of the story.
At a secret March 11 meeting, Mr. Roots alleged to federal lawyers and auditors that he was duped by Mr. Champagne to facilitate what officials now suspect is the largest, most brazen fraud a Canadian bureaucrat has ever committed.
At the meeting was Allan Lenczner, a Toronto litigator hired by the federal government to help recover its losses, two Justice Department lawyers and military auditor Phillip Dempster. Mr. O'Brien joined the group.
Mr. Roots alleged to federal officials that Mr. Champagne posed as a well-connected computer consultant with military and industry contacts who needed help to handle billing and collection services for lucrative military subcontracts.
RMC would handle all billings and collections for Mr. Champagne and get a 15% cut. When Mr. Roots pressed Mr. Champagne for details, he allegedly told them the subcontracts involved a secret military project and gave no details.
Mr. Roots alleged to federal officials that neither he nor RMC employees knew Mr. Champagne was a federal bureaucrat Mr. Roots said he only learned the "consultant" was really a bureaucrat in September, 2003, after having dealt with him for a decade.
That was when the National Post revealed the dismissal of Mr. Champagne by National Defence and the launch of an RCMP probe.
Mr. Roots "suddenly felt his world crashing around him," suffered unthinkable embarrassment and has since closed down RMC, Mr. O'Brien said.
"The only solace he could take out of the whole matter was that there were individuals and corporations that were much more sophisticated than he that were also taken," Mr. O'Brien said. "Assuming everyone is telling the truth, everyone has been duped. It is astounding National Defence did not detect this for years. It is astounding that this took place at all," he added.
The series of events that follow were described by a confidential source familiar with details of the federal investigation into Mr. Champagne's activities and who is familiar with the statement given to federal officials by Mr. Roots.
They were also confirmed on the record by Mr. O'Brien, who agreed to be interviewed on behalf of the businessman.
Mr. Roots said his dealings with Mr. Champagne began in 1992 or 1993, when Mr. Champagne allegedly approached Mr. Roots.
Mr. Roots knew Mr. Champagne as an industry contact who had worked as a manager at Ottawa military systems firm DY-4 Systems.
Mr. Roots believed Mr. Champagne had become a consultant with "high-level military contacts" and contacts "with major DND contractors."
Mr. Champagne allegedly told Mr. Roots he was expecting computer system subcontracts soon from prime contractors, including Compaq.
He asked for help. Mr. Champagne said he wanted to be the hands-on guy getting deals. He wanted no paperwork, just profits, Mr. O'Brien said.
Mr. Champagne allegedly made Mr. Roots an offer."I'll get the subcontracts from Compaq," he reportedly said. "You and RMC will handle all of the subcontract invoicing, account collections and bookkeeping, using RMC as the vehicle," he continued. Mr. Champagne allegedly promised to supply RMC information needed to prepare invoices to send to Compaq and collect payments. In exchange, Mr. Champagne would pay RMC 15% of each contract.
Mr. Champagne would bill RMC, which would add its fees and itself bill Compaq.
Asked about the subcontracts, Mr. Champagne was vague. The men struck a deal and, Mr. Roots contends, that's when Mr. Champagne's alleged deception began.
Mr. Champagne soon kept his promise.
Millions of dollars in subcontracts began to flow to tiny RMC -- or so it appeared.
RMC kept its end of the bargain too, sending out invoices and collecting payments.
A series of invoices and the cheque obtained by the Post included extremely vague language and baffling military acronyms:
On May 30, 2001, RMC prepared an invoice to itself from Mr. Champagne, at his request, for "professional services." It was for $95,524.79.
At the top, it carried: "CIC &LCMM (401921) CCDI." Services provided by Mr. Champagne and his people supposedly included "professional services performed within the framework of Customized Integration Consulting and Life Cycle Material Maintenance."
Also done was "Systems Management Consulting." No detail about who did the work, where it was done or when appeared on Mr. Champagne's invoice.
It carried his home address of 141 Kerry Hill Crescent in Dunrobin, his mansion outside Ottawa.
RMC added its charges and invoiced Compaq.
RMC's invoice offered more detail, billing for 320 hours of computer maintenance service work and "customized integration as per statement of work" at a rate of $155 per hour.
Another $55,430 was for "parts and equipment required on project."
The total: $112,382.10. It mentioned the same SOPC17 cited by Mr. Champagne's invoice, but nowhere was Mr. Champagne's name. Again, no mention of where the work was done, when or by whom. Ditto for the parts.
The invoice went to Compaq, which billed DND.
DND paid Compaq's bill.
Then, Compaq paid RMC's bill and, by June 25, 2001, RMC paid Mr. Champagne's bill and sent him his $95,524.79 cheque.
- - -
Such "deals" allegedly continued for a decade.
RMC accountants did basic year-end audits. There were also GST audits.
RMC staff asked Mr. Champagne for documents showing the work he described was done, Mr. O'Brien said. Mr. Champagne allegedly replied: "The documents and back-up data are there if necessary, but you don't have the security clearances to see it. This is top secret."
Mr. Roots came from a family where security clearances were the norm. He has relatives in the intelligence world.
His father worked on the Apollo and space shuttle projects, work that required a "top secret" clearance.
Mr. Roots did not think Mr. Champagne's reply was odd.
"As curious as he might be, he understood he wasn't entitled to know about the work being done," Mr. O'Brien said.
Unlike RMC, Compaq/HP staffers actually knew Mr. Champagne worked for National Defence. They, too, questioned the RMC deals.
Mr. Champagne allegedly told Compaq/HP officials there would be extra subcontract work awarded to RMC via the Compaq/HP prime contract.
He urged Compaq/HP officials not to worry; these deals would increase, not reduce, their billings, he explained.
Mr. Champagne allegedly told Compaq/HP to mark up RMC invoices -- adding its own 29% fee for processing RMC bills -- and resend them to DND for payment.
When Compaq or HP officials asked about RMC work, he allegedly replied: "The documents are available if needed; otherwise the work is top secret." Nobody at RMC in outlying Carp talked to anybody at Compaq or HP in Quebec.
"He was obviously very clever. He knew if he chose the right parties and kept them apart, he could run a very successful scheme," Mr. O'Brien said. "It never dawns on anyone that no services were ever being provided. It was too incredible to even think about it," he added.
"As far as Michael Roots was concerned, Paul Champagne was a highly successful, highly dedicated and ethical family man. He had a lovely house. He was a very affable and dynamic individual," Mr. O'Brien said.
- - -
After payments from RMC started arriving, Paul Champagne started spending.
In June, 1995, he and his wife spent $202,000 to purchase a home in Hudson, Fla. Located at 9309 Tournament Drive, it is in a golf course development 50 kilometres north of Tampa. The stucco-style home, on a 10,149-square-foot lot, has a three-car garage and a pool. In Ottawa, he and his wife spent $540,492 buying lots in a new country subdivision in Dunrobin between 1994 and 1997. Their sprawling, gated home now includes added buildings for tennis courts, a separate physical fitness centre and pool. Property assessors say it's worth $1.4-million.
The Champagnes have mortgaged it to the hilt, first securing a $900,000 mortgage in August, 2001.
Even as Mr. Champagne was under RCMP investigation, Scotiabank lent him another $500,000, again using the home as collateral on March 4.
Mr. Champagne also quietly became an early stage investor in several high-tech companies in Ottawa at the height of the technology boom. In a filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 4, 2004, Mr. Champagne disclosed that he owns 3,463,625 shares in an Ottawa-based company called Workstream Inc. That's an 11.9% stake.
Workstream shares trade on the Nasdaq; at Friday's closing prices, his stake is worth over U.S. $8.7-million.
- - -
It is unclear how or when the alleged invoicing scheme started to unravel.
Military industry sources suggest a 2001 audit found irregularities, but nobody wanted to dig deeper. DND will not release the audit but does not deny rumours.
Last March, David Pratt, the then-defence minister, said, "The RCMP is looking into this matter. There are a lot of details here that will be forthcoming."
DND and the RCMP have said little since.
HP Canada launched its own probe. Heads rolled.
Said a lawyer familiar with the case: "Why did nobody at HP ask 'Why are we making $4-5-million a year for doing nothing?"
HP Canada spokesman Rob Ireland replied: "It was a unique situation. No other Canadian client could credibly declare subcontract work top secret and get away with it. None."
In May, the government recovered $146-million from HP Canada after federal lawyers threatened to sue because of the billing irregularities.
Mr. Roots' documents bolstered the government's case.
But Mr. Roots will never forget how his world allegedly became unglued.
In August or early September of 2003, Mr. Champagne allegedly called. His "subcontracts" with National Defence had "come to an end," he announced.
Mr. Roots suspected Mr. Champagne had "a falling out" with his contacts.
Mr. O'Brien says Mr. Roots and Mr. Champagne have not spoken since then or after the scandal exploded in Parliament on March 10.
Mr. Roots called Mr. Champagne a few times for an explanation but was given none.
Apart from his dismissal, Mr. Champagne has remained unscathed.
Canada has no extradition treaty with the Turks and Caicos, but a deal could be reached to have Mr. Champagne returned to Canada if required.
RMC has no plans to sue Mr. Champagne, Mr. O'Brien said.
But HP Canada has vowed to sue unnamed subcontractors and individuals, saying the Canadian government has agreed to help.
Mr. O'Brien is uncertain what HP can do.
"RMC was duped. It's pretty hard for HP to argue that they can be legitimately duped, but that we [RMC and Roots] cannot," he said.