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The Sandbox and Areas Reports Thread July 2010

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The Sandbox and Areas Reports Thread July 2010              

News only - commentary elsewhere, please.
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Insurgents killed, Taliban district chief captured in firefight:

International and Afghan security forces wounded and captured a Taliban district chief and killed a "large number" of insurgents in a four-hour firefight, NATO's International Security Assistance Force said in a statement Thursday.

The battle took place in a compound outside a village in the Baghran district of Afghanistan's Helmand province after insurgents opened fire on security forces with rocket-propelled grenades and machine guns, ISAF said.

No security force members or civilians were killed or wounded in the fighting, but a "large number of insurgents" died, ISAF said, without providing specific numbers.

"Dozens of automatic weapons, RPG launchers and rounds, a machine gun, grenades, and ammunition were discovered along with 20 pounds of wet opium" after the fighting, the statement said.

"This joint force operation dealt another significant blow to the Taliban network," said Col. William Maxwell, ISAF Joint Command Combined Joint Operations Center director. "These joint efforts are key to further establishing peace in the region."

NATO-led forces have been waging an offensive against the Taliban in southern Afghanistan.

Dubbed Operation Moshtarak, the offensive was launched in February by an international coalition of 15,000 troops including Afghans, Americans, Britons, Canadians, Danes and Estonians.

The Taliban had set up a shadow government in Helmand province's Marjah region, long a bastion of pro-Taliban sentiment.

It is a key area in Afghanistan's heroin trade and full of the opium used to fund the insurgency.

link:
http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/07/01/afghanistan.firefight/index.html?fbid=X-q7GDAv616

            (Reproduced under the Fair Dealings provisions of the Copyright Act)
 
U.S. Enlists New Afghan Village Forces
WSJ, July 1
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704103904575336933258787038.html

RABAT, Afghanistan—The men of this remote village, dressed in crisp beige uniforms and armed with Kalashnikovs, are defending their land against the Taliban, in a U.S. Special Forces-driven experiment that is set to spread nationwide.

New legislation, hammered out by American and Afghan officials and expected to be enacted by President Hamid Karzai in coming weeks, would authorize armed village forces across Afghanistan and bring them into the country's law-enforcement system.

The strategy, long advocated by U.S. Special Operations commanders, aims to provide a grass-roots counterbalance to the insurgents and fill a security vacuum in swaths of rural Afghanistan that the overstretched U.S. and Afghan regular forces can't reach...

Past Special Forces efforts to raise anti-Taliban irregulars have been mired in controversy because of concerns that local militias could spin out of control and wage war on tribal rivals. Such fears had prompted the U.S. Embassy and Afghan officials to withhold cooperation with village self-defense initiatives just a few months ago.

The new legislation addresses these concerns by putting the village irregulars under the supervision of local police chiefs, making them answerable, ultimately, to the Ministry of Interior in Kabul, which would provide weapons and wages...

Other villages in this part of Paktika also signed agreements pledging to keep the Taliban away from their lands. "They've come to believe that we are the winning horse [emphasis added]," says the U.S. captain, whose name can't be published under U.S. rules...

Some Afghan military officers to get training in Pakistan
Washington Post, July 1
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/30/AR2010063005193.html?wpisrc=nl_cuzhead

Afghan President Hamid Karzai has agreed to send a group of military officers to Pakistan for training, a significant policy shift that Afghan and Pakistani officials said signals deepening relations between the long-wary neighbors.

The move is a victory for Pakistan, which seeks a major role in Afghanistan as officials in both countries become increasingly convinced that the U.S. war effort there is faltering. Afghan officials said Karzai has begun to see Pakistan as a necessary ally in ending the war through negotiation with the Taliban or on the battlefield.

"This is meant to demonstrate confidence to Pakistan, in the hope of encouraging them to begin a serious consultation and conversation with us on the issue of [the] Taliban," Rangin Dadfar Spanta, Karzai's national security adviser, said of the training agreement.

The previously unpublicized training would involve only a small group of officers, variously described as between a handful and a few dozen, but it has enormous symbolic importance as the first tangible outcome of talks between Karzai and Pakistan's military and intelligence chiefs that began in May. It is likely to be controversial among some Afghans who see Pakistan as a Taliban puppet-master rather than as a cooperative neighbor, and in India, which is wary of Pakistan's intentions in Afghanistan.

Some key U.S. officials involved in Afghanistan said they knew nothing of the arrangement. "We are neither aware of nor have we been asked to facilitate training of the Afghan officer corps with the Pakistani military," Lt. Gen. William B. Caldwell IV, head of the NATO training command in Afghanistan, said in an e-mail. But Afghanistan, he said, "is a sovereign nation and can make bilateral agreements with other nations to provide training."..

U.S. officials are generally pleased with the rapprochement between Afghanistan and Pakistan, but the rapid progress of the talks has given some an uneasy feeling that events are moving outside U.S. control. Karzai told the Obama administration about his first meeting with Pakistani intelligence chief Ahmed Shuja Pasha [emphasis added] when he visited Washington in May, but "he didn't say what they talked about, what the Pakistanis offered. He just dangled" the information, one U.S. official said.

That session, and at least one follow-up meeting among Karzai, Pasha and the Pakistani army chief of staff, Gen. Ashfaq Kiyani [emphasis added], included discussion of Pakistan-facilitated talks with Taliban leaders, although the two governments differed on whether the subject was raised with a Pakistan offer or an Afghan request. Both governments denied subsequent reports that Karzai had met face to face with Pakistan-based insurgent leader Sirajuddin Haqqani...

While building Afghanistan's weak army is a key component of U.S. strategy, more than 300 Afghan soldiers are currently being trained under bilateral agreements in other countries, including Turkey and India, Pakistan's traditional adversary [emphasis added]...

Mark
Ottawa
 
Articles found July 1, 2010

Afghan Attorney General Says U.S. Ambassador Pushed for Corruption Prosecutions
By ALISSA J. RUBIN Published: June 29, 2010
Article Link

Afghanistan’s attorney general disputed published allegations Tuesday that he had been pressured by the Afghan political leadership to sideline corruption investigations into some of the country’s elite, and he turned on the American ambassador, Karl W. Eikenberry, alleging that the ambassador had pressed him to bring particular cases against high-profile figures.

The implication was that rather than being inappropriately pressured by Afghan government figures, the attorney general, Mohammad Ishaq Alako, was being inappropriately pressured by the Americans.

The dust-up comes at a delicate time for both governments. The Afghan government is facing increasing pressure from Western countries that are spending billions of dollars here to crack down on widespread corruption, which has crippled the justice system and demoralized most Afghans.

On Monday, Representative Nita M. Lowey, Democrat of New York, the chairwoman of the House Appropriations subcommittee on foreign aid, announced she was cutting most of the $3.9 billion in foreign aid requested for Afghanistan by the Obama administration until the country got a handle on corruption.

For the United States it is also a politically delicate period, with patience for the war ebbing and uncertainty about the change of the top general running the war. Gen. David H. Petraeus arrives later this week to take over for Gen. Stanley A. McChrystal, who resigned under pressure last week. The rampant corruption here has accelerated the sense that perhaps America is wasting its money here.

In a news conference on Tuesday, Mr. Alako offered an almost point-by-point rebuttal of an article that appeared Monday in The Washington Post that quoted unidentified American officials as saying that senior members of President Hamid Karzai’s government and those close to them had been able to escape prosecution after senior Afghan
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New Estimate of Strength of Al Qaeda Is Offered
By DAVID E. SANGER and MARK MAZZETTI Published: June 30, 2010
Article Link

ASPEN, Colo. — Michael E. Leiter, one of the country’s top counterterrorism officials, said Wednesday that American intelligence officials now estimated that there were somewhat “more than 300” Qaeda leaders and fighters hiding in Pakistan’s tribal areas, a rare public assessment of the strength of the terrorist group that is the central target of President Obama’s war strategy.

Taken together with the recent estimate by the C.I.A. director, Leon E. Panetta, that there are about 50 to 100 Qaeda operatives now in Afghanistan, American intelligence agencies believe that there are most likely fewer than 500 members of the group in a region where the United States has poured nearly 100,000 troops.

Many American officials warn about such comparisons, saying that Al Qaeda has forged close ties with a number of affiliated militant groups and that a large American troop presence is necessary to helping the Afghan government prevent Al Qaeda from gaining a safe haven in Afghanistan similar to what it had before the Sept. 11 attacks.

On Monday, Adm. Mike Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said that on a recent trip to the region he was struck by the “depth of synergies” between Al Qaeda and a number of other insurgent groups, including the Pakistani and the Afghan Taliban.

Mr. Leiter, who is the director of the National Counterterrorism Center, concurred with Admiral Mullen’s judgment.

But with the fighting in Afghanistan intensifying and few indications that the Taliban are weakening, the recent estimates of Al Qaeda’s strength could give ammunition to critics of President Obama’s strategy who think the United States should pull most of its troops from the country and instead rely on small teams of Special Operations forces and missile strikes from C.I.A. drones.
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After Afghan Shift, Top U.S. Civilians Face Tricky Future
Article Link
As General David H. Petraeus takes command in Afghanistan, the two top American civilian officials in the war face an uncertain and tricky future, working with a newly empowered military leader, under the gaze of an impatient president who has put them on notice that his fractious war council needs to pull together.

Richard C. Holbrooke, the Obama administration’s special representative to the region, and Karl W. Eikenberry, the ambassador to Afghanistan, both hung on to their jobs in the uproar that followed Gen. Stanley A. McChrystal’s career-ending quotes in Rolling Stone magazine.

But privately, at least one senior White House official suggested using General McChrystal’s exit as an excuse for a housecleaning, according to senior officials. That was rejected as too disruptive during a military campaign that relies heavily on civilian support, these people said.

In recent days, other administration officials have begun floating the idea that Ambassador Eikenberry might be replaced by Ryan C. Crocker, the highly regarded former ambassador in Iraq who forged a close partnership with General Petraeus during the successful Iraq troop increase. Such a prospect is viewed as remote, given Mr. Crocker’s prestigious new post at Texas A&M University. But the fact that his name is being invoked underlines the challenges that confront Ambassador Eikenberry, as he adapts to a new partner — one who has strong ideas about how soldiers and diplomats should work together in war.

It also illustrates the remarkably powerful role that General Petraeus will assume in the nine-year-old war, setting him up as almost a viceroy in Afghanistan and a key broker in negotiations between President Hamid Karzai and Pakistan over an eventual political settlement.
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ARTICLES FOUND JULY 2

Security ring set up in Kandahar
CP, July 1
http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/capress/100701/national/afghan_cda_security_ring

A ring of security was set in place on the major routes in and out of Kandahar city on Thursday - NATO's first major step to try to bring a degree of calm to Afghanistan's second largest city.

The measures are part of Operation Hamkari, which translated into English means co-operation. The coalition has been talking about the new security measures for months.

"What you're seeing now is the first stage of the security plan for the city that has many, many facets to it," Canadian Brig.-Gen. Craig King, director of Future Plans for RC (Regional Command) South told The Canadian Press.

"I think there's a lot of misperception out there in terms of what this is all about. We're not in the game of starting a street battle, he said. "What we're talking about for this city is that it's very much a public order issue that is focused on the police."

A security ring of 12 checkpoints was set up on major routes in and out of the city. Each checkpoint has a full contingent of Afghan police and soldiers, including members of the U.S. 508th Infantry Brigade [sic, emphasis added]...

Canada hands over hot spots to U.S. command
Canwest News, July 1
http://www.canada.com/news/Somnia/3224741/story.html

Kandahar City, Afghanistan — Canada relinquished command of two hotly disputed districts in Kandahar where more than 40 Canadian soldiers have died over the past four years, to the U.S. earlier this week.

The quiet transfer of authority for Zhari and Arghandab to the 101st Airborne Division was revealed by Canadian Brig.-Gen Jon Vance on Thursday. It was the first reduction in Task Force Kandahar’s area of military responsibility in Afghanistan since the Paul Martin government authorized combat operations in the southern province in the spring of 2006.

The shift of responsibility for Zhari and Arghandab, which occurred at midnight on Monday, was the result of a surge of U.S. forces into Kandahar ordered by U.S. President Barack Obama and of Canada’s planned withdrawal of combat forces from the province next summer...

In the past few days, a large number of troops from the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division and from the Afghan National Civil Order Police — which is considered several cuts above the Afghan National Police [emphasis added] — has moved into living quarters together at more than a dozen checkpoints on the perimeter of the city. While ANCOP works with the American paratroopers, the ANP will be off on training courses...

Record Western military deaths in Afghanistan in June
At least 102 Western troops died in June; 60 were U.S. service members. Although roadside bombs pose a significant hazard, other threats are growing as insurgents become bolder in their attacks.

LA Times, July 1
http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-afghan-military-deaths-20100701,0,7780394.story

As the Afghan war's bloodiest month for Western forces drew to a close Wednesday, the widening scope and relentless tempo of battlefield casualties pointed to a formidable challenge for U.S. Army Gen. David H. Petraeus, the incoming commander.

At least 102 coalition troops were killed in June in Afghanistan, according to the independent website icasualties.org, far surpassing the previous highest monthly total of 76 military fatalities in August 2009.

In a reflection of the increasingly American face of the war as the summer's troop buildup presses ahead, at least 60 of those killed were U.S. service members, including a soldier killed by small-arms fire Wednesday in eastern Afghanistan. The previous highest monthly death toll for American forces was in October 2009, when 59 were killed.

Buried roadside bombs continued to cause the majority of fatalities, despite what the military has described as some success using electronic surveillance to spot insurgents planting explosives and to stage raids on bomb-making rings.

But a plethora of other hazards have pushed to the fore as Petraeus, who was confirmed Wednesday by the Senate, 99-0, takes command in Afghanistan. Firefights, helicopter crashes, ambushes, sniper fire and complex coordinated assaults — such as Wednesday's attempt by insurgents to fight their way onto NATO's largest airbase in eastern Afghanistan — have also exacted a significant toll in deaths and injuries.

As the pattern of fatalities shows, it is a war with a widening geographical reach. The country's east and south, the traditional Taliban strongholds, predictably saw the heaviest fighting, but a swath of the north became increasingly restive as well [emphasis added]...

In countries with smaller troop contingents, the shockwave from war deaths tends to be magnified.

Norway, which has about 500 troops in Afghanistan, suffered its largest single-day battlefield loss since World War II on Sunday when four of its soldiers were killed  [emphasis added] by a roadside bomb in the north. Until then, the Norwegian death toll in the war had been five.

Another ally, Australia, was disproportionately hit by four troop deaths in June [emphasis added], three of them elite commandos killed in a helicopter crash in Kandahar. Those losses represented one-quarter of Australia's total war dead in Afghanistan...

Afghan forces too have been seeing larger numbers of troops killed. The Afghan army lost 37 men in June [emphasis added], said Defense Ministry spokesman Gen. Mohammed Zahir Azimi...

Taliban claims Afghan attack that killed five
Suicide squad storms the compound of a U.S.-based development group in northern Afghanistan, killing at least five

LA Times, July 2
http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fgw-afghanistan-kunduz-attack-20100704,0,6732950.story

A Taliban suicide squad stormed the compound of a U.S.-based development group in northern Afghanistan on Friday, killing at least three expatriate workers, a security guard and an Afghan police officer, officials said.

All six attackers also died in the predawn assault in the city of Kunduz. One died when he blew up a sport-utility vehicle at the compound's gates at the outset of the strike, and the other five died in a subsequent gunbattle, according to provincial police.

The provincial governor, Mohammed Omar, identified the three slain foreigners as from Germany, Britain and the Philippines, and German officials confirmed the death of one of their nationals.

Friday's attack -- which coincided with the arrival in Kabul of the new American commander of Western forces, Gen. David Petraeus -- took place at a compound belonging to the Washington, D.C.-based Development Alternatives, Inc. The company is working under contract to the U.S. Agency for International Development, or USAID...

Such coordinated and determined insurgent strikes on foreign non-military targets are relatively rare, especially in Afghanistan's once-quiet north. But the Taliban movement -- which claimed responsibility for Friday's strike -- has made it clear that international aid organizations are not immune from being targeted...

Ohio brigade deploying 3,600 to Afghanistan
AP, June 30
http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chi-ap-oh-brigadedeployment,0,3861164.story

COLUMBUS, Ohio —
The Ohio National Guard's 37th Infantry Brigade Combat Team is preparing to send about 3,600 soldiers from Ohio and Michigan to Afghanistan in what will be its largest deployment since the Korean War in 1952.

The state Adjutant General's Department says the guard received an alert order in May, and that the team will mobilize out of Camp Shelby, Miss., in the spring and deploy to Afghanistan in summer 2011. The 37th will replace the 4th Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division
http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=59299 [emphasis added]...

Mark
Ottawa
 
Articles found JuLY 2, 2010

Water: Canada's secret ingredient for Afghan development
Article Link
Bill Graveland and Tara Brautigam

Kandahar, Afghanistan — The Canadian Press Published on Thursday, Jul. 01, 2010 12:42PM EDT Last updated on Thursday, Jul. 01, 2010 1:19PM EDT

In an arid wasteland of desert, dust, and drought, water is worth its weight in gold — a life-giving legacy that Canada hopes to leave behind in Afghanistan when it starts pulling out a year from now.

In a country racked with abject poverty and decades of strife, it wasn't easy to decide where Canada could best focus its development and aid efforts.

“There's so many things that could be done when you're in an environment like this, it's the challenge for a mission in any conflicted society,” said Ben Rowswell, the government's top civilian official in Kandahar province.

When Ottawa decided in 2008 to establish a firm pullout date for Afghanistan, it also opted to identify three specific target areas for development: rebuilding the tactically important Dahla Dam in the heart of Kandahar's Arghandab district, developing schools and vaccinating locals for polio.
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Beer, barbecue, rocket attack: Canada Day for troops in Afghanistan
Article Link

Canadian soldiers and civilians in Afghanistan marked Canada Day with beer, barbecue _ and a rocket attack.

An afternoon of red and white Maple Leafs combined with beige combat fatigues had all the earmarks of a Canada Day at home.

Hundreds of Canadian flags were strung up at Canada House, the recreational centre for Canada’s soldiers serving in Afghanistan. Even Canadian vehicles were sporting shiny new flags attached to windows and mirrors.

In addition to barbecued hotdogs and hamburgers the celebrants were given a rare ration of two beer apiece.

Troops and civilians donned Team Canada hockey jerseys, giant Maple Leaf hats and painted their faces to show their Canadian pride.

“It’s definitely more poignant here. We’re proud to be Canadian and represent our country here,” said Master Cpl. Cindy Brooks.

“Everybody is looking at us going who are those crazy Canadians? It’s awesome today.”

Meantime, Cpl. Robin Blackburn said that after being in Kandahar for months, she is missing the colour green _ as in grass. But getting together with fellow Canadians is special she said.
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USAID compound attacked in Afghanistan; 4 killed
Article Link

By Amir Shah, The Associated Press
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KABUL - Six suicide bombers stormed a USAID compound in northern Afghanistan before dawn Friday, killing at least four people and wounding several others, officials said. At least two of the dead were foreigners.

The Taliban claimed responsibility for the attack, which began about 3:30 a.m. in Kunduz when a suicide car bomber blew a hole in the wall around a building used by Development Alternatives Inc., a Washington, D.C.-based global consulting company on contract with the United States Agency for International Aid, or USAID. The company is working on governance and community development in the area.

At least five other attackers then ran inside the building, killing or wounding security guards and others inside before dying in a gunbattle with Afghan security forces who raced to the scene. Afghan authorities said the five were all wearing explosive vests.

Black smoke poured from the windows of the four-story building. The bodies of the victims were found inside amid rubble, pools of blood and broken glass. Stunned aid workers were led from the scene as NATO troops carried bodies wrapped in black plastic out on stretchers.

Gen. Abdul Razaq Yaqoubi, police chief in Kunduz province, said those killed included an Afghan policeman, an Afghan man who worked as a security guard at the house and two foreigners. The German Foreign Ministry told The Associated Press in Berlin that a German citizen was killed in the attack.

"It was 3 o'clock in the morning, close to the morning prayer time, when a suicide bomber in a 4x4 vehicle exploded his vehicle," Yaqoubi said as Afghan national security forces were battling to kill the last surviving attacker. "There is no way for him to escape."
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ARTICLES FOUND JULY 3

Troops call it the Heart of Darkness, the spiritual home of the Taliban
US forces are taking on the insurgents in their own back yard in Zhari district, reports Ben Farmer with the 101st Airborne Division.

Daily Telegraph, July 2
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/7868176/Troops-call-it-the-Heart-of-Darkness-the-spiritual-home-of-the-Taliban.html

...
Two convoys travelling to the combat outpost in the Pashmul area of Zhari district had been attacked the previous day. The craters left in the giant sandbagged perimeter by rocket propelled grenades were clearly visibly.

American soldiers arriving in Kandahar for this summer's long-awaited operation to secure Afghanistan's second city have found a well-prepared enemy.

The Daily Telegraph was the first newspaper to accompany the influx of troops from the 101st Airborne Division into Zhari district, the home of the Taliban movement.

Coalition commanders insist the push, named Operation Hamkari or 'cooperation', is a new kind of military offensive. Its objective is governance and jobs rather than gun battles.

But it is already clear, a month after the reinforcements arrived, they will need to fight for Zhari first.

The area forms a funnel of arms, fighters and supplies from rural Kandahar and Helmand to the provincial capital.

Whoever controls Zhari, which sits astride the Highway One nationwide ring road, has a critical hold on the western approach to Kandahar city [emphasis added]...

The 101st Airborne Division and hundreds of Afghan soldiers arrived in May to wrest the Taliban's birthplace from the insurgency's grip.

"This is their area we are operating in," explained Lt Col Johnny Davis, commander of the division's first battalion, 502nd infantry regiment.

"It's their back yard, this is where their movement began and I am sure they have been told not to lose it."

Zhari is a focal point of President Barack Obama's surge. Several thousand American and Afghan troops have replaced a company of little more than 120 Canadians [emphasis added]...

American commanders are confident that weight of numbers not time will tilt the battle. "We have heard all the names, the Heart of Darkness and so on," said Major Matt Neumeyer "But just by sheer numbers we are going to gain more space and take it from the enemy [emphasis added]."

The challenge of Kandahar
Nearly nine years into the U.S.-led war, it remains a Taliban stronghold, ill-served by corrupt Afghan officials, and patrolled by Western forces just now getting around to governance and development issues.

LA Times, July 2
http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-afghanistan-kandahar-20100703,0,2482346.story

Rahmatullah, a slender Afghan engineer who lives in Kandahar city, tried to be polite when young Shawn Adams of Digby, Nova Scotia, offered to help in his efforts to build a local school.

Sgt. Adams, 23, was leading a Canadian foot patrol when he encountered Rahmatullah, who complained that he and his neighbors had donated land for a school that the Afghan government has refused to build.

Adams promised to pass the complaint up the chain to his military superiors. But Rahmatullah simply sighed and said: "I'm sorry, sir. I've been here six years. I've heard these promises so many times I don't believe them anymore."..

...The province is the focus of the "surge" of 30,000 troops ordered by President Obama in December, but the heavy combat sweeps promised by top U.S. commanders in briefings to reporters in the winter have not taken place. Those commanders now say there will be no massive military operation here, instead describing a sustained effort designed to establish security bit by bit to pave the way for development and proper governance.

Most of the added troops have been patrolling Kandahar for weeks, pumping residents for information on insurgents while promising development and a responsive government. An accompanying civilian surge — specialists in government, development, agriculture, policing — is cranking out various community projects from their air-conditioned office redoubts...

...Because the typical troop rotation is about 12 months, each year brings a new approach that often is at odds with the previous effort.

Kevin Melton, an American contractor who heads civilian operations in Arghandab district, northwest of Kandahar city, said the United States began making a concerted effort in the province only a year ago. From 2001 to 2006, there was no significant Western troop presence in Kandahar.

"Why has it taken eight years to commit the resources to do what we really need to do here?" Melton said. "We took our eyes off the ball. So we've really been at this for a year, not eight years."

In Arghandab, Melton works in the same heavily guarded building on a U.S. military base as four Afghan district officials struggling to create a local government. Afghans who wish to visit the district office must first pass through three security posts — a search by Afghan police, then the Afghan army and finally by U.S. forces...

At Camp Nathan Smith in downtown Kandahar, the secured offices of U.S. development officials [emphasis added
http://www.afghanistan.gc.ca/canada-afghanistan/stories-reportages/2009_08_26.aspx?lang=eng ]
feature a chart of the Karzai family tree. Laid out like a prosecutor's crime family operation, the chart documents the expansive business empire of Karzai's extended family. Western officials have accused Karzai's brother, Ahmed Wali Karzai, of parlaying family connections into an enterprise that controls trucking, security, drug and protection operations...

But for all the attempts to put an Afghan face on the future, it is clear to all that this is an American show [emphasis addedd]. Even illiterate villagers know that the U.S. provides the money, the troops and the leadership for what is called "Operation Hamkari," or "cooperation" in Pashto and Dari.

"We're the funders, the people in charge, and the Afghans know that," said an American aid official in Kandahar. "But we have to act like the government until the actual government is able to take over."

Nor is U.S.-Afghan cooperation running smoothly on security operations. Afghan army and police units are housed in separate compounds next to U.S. bases. Soldiers say they fear the Afghans will steal supplies and weapons or leak information to the Taliban. Officers say they do not tell Afghan security forces of impending missions [emphasis added]...

Mark
Ottawa
 
Articles found July 4, 2010

Cooperation is not optional: Gen. David Petraeus
New NATO commander in Afghanistan begins job with urgent plea for teamwork
Article Link
Deb Riechmann Associated Press

The new top American general in Afghanistan prepared for his formal takeover as the NATO force commander on Sunday by calling for a “unity of effort” among the international troops and Afghans working to restore stability to the war-torn nation.

“Civilian and military, Afghan and international, we are a part of one team, with one mission,” Gen. David Petraeus told hundreds of guests who had gathered on Saturday for a pre-Fourth of July celebration of U.S. independence at the American embassy in Kabul.

“In this important endeavour, cooperation is not optional.”

The words were welcomed in Ottawa.

“Canada welcomes the appointment of General Petraeus as commander of NATO troops in Afghanistan and encourages positive and cooperative civilian-military relationships,” Jay Paxton, director of communications for Defence Minister Peter Mackay, told the Toronto Star in an email.

Paxton, noting Canada “has been in Afghanistan to help Afghans rebuild their country as a stable, democratic and self-sufficient society since 2001,” stressed the importance of cooperation and working together.
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Canadian commander's team honours soldier who died guarding 'The Boss'
  Article Link
By Matthew Fisher, Canwest News Service July 3, 2010

Cpl. Nick Bulger was honoured Saturday in a poignant act of remembrance by Brig.-Gen Jon Vance and the small band of soldiers who protect the commander of Task Force Kandahar.

Bulger was 30 years old when he was killed by a homemade landmine exactly one year ago while travelling as part of the general's tactical crew in Zhari district. It was the only time since the Canadian army came to Afghanistan in 2002 that the Taliban has killed a member of the commanding general's personal staff.

"A year ago today, we lost a good soldier," Vance told his current TAC, which is comprised of members of the Quebec-based Royal 22nd Regiment.
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IEDs pose real threat to troops: UNB prof
Published Saturday July 3rd, 2010
Article Link

When Sgt. Robert Short and Cpl. Robbie Beerenfenger were killed by an improvised explosive device in Afghanistan in 2003, the story of how it happened was a lot like the mission itself: new, controversial and difficult for many to understand.

Seven years later, it has grown all too familiar.

Short and Beerenfenger were on patrol on a dusty road near Kabul on the afternoon of Oct. 2, 2003, helping to stabilize the country after the fall of the Taliban, when a massive blast from a buried stack of anti-tank mines ripped apart their lightweight Iltis jeep.

They were family men who were devoted to their careers and proud to be part of Canada's first full combat mission in decades, a mission no one knew at the time would last as long as July 2011 - a date that's now just 12 months away.

Together, they now occupy a tragic place in its history: the first Canadian lives to be claimed by an IED, a cheap, insidious, accessible weapon that has since become one of the most substantial obstacles to NATO's efforts in Afghanistan.

"You can't defeat an army with (IEDs), but you can cause a collapse of morale," said Andrew Mack, director of the Human Security Report project on the Vancouver campus at Simon Fraser University.

"That collapse of morale is ultimately the thing that is going to cause (the international soldiers) to pull out."

To date, 100 Canadian Forces members and two civilians - Canadian diplomat Glyn Berry and Canadian journalist Michelle Lang - have been killed by IEDs or suicide bombers, which the military considers a type of IED.

IEDs are far from new. They've have been used in both traditional and untraditional conflicts, from resistance fighters blowing up railways during the Second World War to grenades hidden in cans in Vietnam.
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The wounds of war: physical, psychological injuries legacy of Afghan battle
Article Link
By: Dene Moore, The Canadian Press 3/07/2010

Master Cpl. Jody Mitic was a sniper on patrol with his unit in Kandahar province in January 2007 when he stepped on a land mine and lost both legs below the knee.

In the split second it took for the charge to explode, Mitic's life changed instantly, irrevocably.

"I've been a soldier since I was 17 and I'd hoped to be a soldier until the day I died," the young father, nary a hint of self-pity in his voice, said in a recent interview. "In my heart I will be, but I'm just going to have to choose a new career path now."

Mitic is one of the more than 500 Canadian soldiers who have been wounded in action in Afghanistan; even more suffer from "invisible wounds" that range from mild depression to debilitating post-traumatic stress syndrome, experts say.

As Canada enters the final year of its combat mission in Afghanistan, already more than 27,000 Canadian troops have been deployed to the central Asian country that has put words like Taliban and "improvised explosive device" on the tip of every tongue.

Parliament's mandate for the combat mission in Kandahar expires in 12 months, but the fallout from the conflict will continue for years to come.

The Canadian Forces said in February that 529 soldiers had been injured in action from 2002 to the end of last year, and another 913 had suffered "non-combat" injuries.
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Preparing for the exit from our Afghan burden
July 3, 2010 — MarkOttawa
Article Link
Unless, by some sudden change of its course, the government and Liberals reach an agreement on some sort of post-2011 CF mission:

The silent road home

Canada’s withdrawal from Afghanistan will be a lengthy, complicated process and the only thing the government will say with certainty is that all troops will be home by the end of next year, writes Matthew Fisher.

http://www.ottawacitizen.com/news/3231230.bin

Soldiers with BRAVO Company, 1st battalion, Royal Canadian Regiment [part of CF's Task Force 1-10, current Task Force Kandahar details here] leave their base to patrol outside the village of Nakhonay in Afghanistan on June 11. Canadian troops will be leaving the war against the Taliban next year.
Photograph by: Denis Sinyakov, Reuters, The Ottawa Citizen; with files from Sheldon Alberts, canwest news service

Exactly one year from this Canada Day the Harper government officially begins its retreat from Kandahar.

However, details regarding the Canadian Forces’ withdrawal from the war against the Taliban are shrouded in far more secrecy than many combat operations here…

…All that anyone seems to be allowed to say is that Canadian troops are definitely leaving Afghanistan; combat operations will continue until the July 1, 2011, deadline; and all troops will be home by the end of next year.

The one disclosure — made a few weeks ago by a visiting air force general — was that Canadian helicopter operations in Kandahar are to end by early August next year [see Joint Task Force Afghanistan Air Wing, more here--why could we not keep the Air Wing going, see here and here?].

In Washington on Tuesday, Gen. David Petraeus cautioned Americans to prepare for several more years of war in Afghanistan and cast the Obama administration’s July 2011 timeline to begin withdrawing troops as a highly flexible deadline…

It is now widely assumed, although not publicly announced, that U.S. troops will begin to take over Canada’s last combat responsibilities in the province from a battle group led by the Quebec-based Royal 22nd Regiment, known as the Van Doos [the main part of next Task Force 3-10, photos here], sometime late next spring .

A series of ceremonial handovers is bound to take place between Canadian and American commanders between now and next Canada Day. They will mark the close of an unlikely chapter in Canadian military history — an unexpected combat deployment that was initiated with almost no public discussion by the Chrétien and Martin governments that is now ending with the first withdrawal of Canadian combat forces before the war they were fighting has concluded.

Just as the war ramps up this year with a surge of U.S. troops, Canada’s military footprint has already begun shrinking.
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In Sangin, most dangerous Afghan district, British troops fear war will last 10 years
British troops fear they may need to keep fighting for control of Sangin, Afghanistan's most dangerous district, for another 10 years.

Sunday Telegraph, July 3
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/7870537/In-Sangin-most-dangerous-Afghan-district-British-troops-fear-war-will-last-10-years.html

...Just 50,000 Afghans live here and in the surrounding district, in Helmand province, yet Sangin has proved the most dangerous spot in the country for the British forces that have been attempting to subdue it for the past four years.

Almost one third of all British deaths in Afghanistan have been in Sangin – 99 out of the 310 fatalities so far...

Arriving just days after David Cameron said he hoped British troops would be withdrawn from the country within five years, I found a mood of determination to get on with the job in hand. But this was coupled with a strong sense that few Britons back home really grasp what the Forces are doing, and the suspicion among some that the task may take longer than the politicians or public want.

Plans for withdrawal depend on handing responsibility for security to the Afghan National Army and police currently being built up with Western help. But Lt Col Paul James, commanding officer of 40 Commando [Royal Marines], said there were not enough Nato forces or Afghan police to keep the area safe from a Taliban resurgence.

"We are here to create time and space for governance to take hold," said Lt Col James.

"That's much more decisive than fighting the Taliban. It just takes hellishly long unless you have the right force density – that's my concern, that we might be here 10 years rather than five years. But we need to see this through."

He added: "Not enough police is the most important factor in preventing transition to Afghan control.

"If we had 150 Afghan National Police we would see a drastic change in Sangin. But we only have one third of police we need [emphasis added]. We are woefully short of where we should be."..

"The Taliban know we are not going to be here for ever, that they just have to wait and we will be gone one day," said one marine veteran.

"Their history has taught them that no foreigner hangs around here for ever. That's why the local population can't commit to us: they know there will be repercussions.

"That's why the hardline Taliban probably won't talk to us – what's in it for them if they can wait a bit longer and we're gone?

"I think once we've trained up enough Afghan forces we'll be out of here. The politicians don't want us to stay here, there's nothing in it for them."

There is increasing frustration, too, at the policy of "courageous restraint" aimed at reducing civilian casualties by withholding fire if there is a chance of collateral damage, introduced by the former commander of all Nato-led troops in Afghanistan, Gen Stanley McChrystal.

The troops feel that too many Taliban are getting away with attacking Nato troops "while we have one hand tied behind our backs [emphasis added]"... 

The Taliban's marksmanship is improving, too –enough so that, after one burst of Taliban fire, the scramble out of a ditch and across 20 yards of open ground was a moment of concentrated fear. It was followed by adrenalin-fuelled laughter, before the marines replied with a heavy burst of machinegun fire into the treeline where the Taliban had been hiding.

New additions to the Taliban armoury this season are 12.6mm DshK heavy machineguns mounted on trucks [emphasis added], and the deployment of suicide bombers with a device strapped to his legs rather than to the waist – hiding them from soldiers who demand suspects show their stomachs...

NATO retools in a key mission: Building an Afghan police force
Washington Post, June 30
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/29/AR2010062904791.html

...
The alliance is shaking up existing training programs and adding new incentives in an attempt to turn around what has been one of the biggest, most enduring disappointments of the nearly nine-year-old war: the inability to transform the country's 90,000 police officers into a professional force capable of assuming control of local security.

NATO officials touted the changes in advance of the release of an audit by the special inspector general for Afghanistan reconstruction. The report, released Monday,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/28/AR2010062805114.html?hpid=topnews
criticized NATO for overstating the percentage of Afghan security forces -- including police and army -- that are fully capable of performing their missions. The report also said training efforts suffer from a shortage of trainers and mentors.

"The old system was broken. It just didn't work," said Marine Col. Gregory T. Breazile, spokesman for NATO Training Mission-Afghanistan, which oversees police and army training.
http://www.ntm-a.com/
While better instruction is yielding a stronger Afghan army, he said, the police units responsible for local security have been until now "just a mess."..

The makeover, which began late last year, is largely aimed at attracting a higher-caliber recruit and offering incentives to keep him in uniform longer. The inducements include signing bonuses and -- a first -- literacy classes, a powerful draw in a country where only 20 percent of the adult population can read and write.

A revamped, eight-week training program supervised by foreign paramilitary officers is improving marksmanship and basic military and survival skills. Soon it will be expanded to include veteran officers, NATO officials say.

A crucial improvement is helping ensure that police officers actually get the money that is owed them. Instead of being paid by their commanders -- who often pocket some of the cash -- officers receive their paychecks directly through ATM cards or bank credits sent to their cellphones [emphasis added]. Because many officers are illiterate, "some of these guys never even realized how much they were supposed to be paid," Breazile said.

Such changes have only recently taken effect, and Defense Department officials acknowledge that they do not yet have the data to fully measure the impact.

Nationally, the attrition rate for police continues to hover around 20 percent -- and upwards of 70 percent for the country's elite paramilitary police force, the Afghanistan National Civil Order Police, or ANCOP, the Defense inspector general said. Many police officers quit because of fear, Taliban intimidation or because they could make more money elsewhere, said a Defense official who studied the attrition trends...

Mark
Ottawa
 
Envoy says reconciliation key to peace
Bill Graveland, Canadian Press, 5 Jul 10
http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/capress/100705/national/afghan_peace_cda
Canada could be convinced to back plans for political reconciliation in order to bring peace to Afghanistan but only if a number of stiff conditions are met first, says Canada's ambassador to the country.

Afghan President Hamid Karzai has been reaching out to the insurgents in hopes of ending the war.

Last month, Karzai won endorsement from a national conference for his plan to offer incentives to the militants to lay down their arms, and to seek talks with the Taliban leadership.

The Taliban have publicly shunned the offer, and the United States is skeptical whether peace can succeed until the Taliban are weakened on the battlefield.

Canadian Ambassador William Crosbie said there's no doubt that reconciliation is the key to solving Afghanistan's woes but he said the political discourse is "going too far, going too fast".

"The challenge for us and what Canada has said in the past in terms of our reluctance to support reconciliation is the process. It will determine the outcome," said Crosbie in an interview with The Canadian Press.

He said the international community has to be fully involved and to ensure that any reconciliation process involves all ethnic groups and women.

"The international community should be insisting that the process is one that includes all Afghans because the reconciliation cannot be between the Karzai government and the Taliban leadership. That's a recipe for disaster," said Crosbie.

"It has to be a reconciliation among Afghans to come back to build the future of their country in a way that each ethnic and women's groups feels it respects their interests," he said.

"It's going to take time. The government is in a weak position, particularly in the south. If the process is not inclusive then the outcome is going to be flawed and it could lead to another civil war."

Crosbie said Canada supports "the concept of reconciliation".

But he said efforts from NATO countries now supporting Afghanistan should be in basically convincing neighbours to butt out of the process. He said peace will not be attainable as long as foreign fighters from Pakistan, Iran and other countries keep coming across the border.

"Many more foreign fighters, many more who come over from the safe havens in Pakistan and that's the part that the international community needs to work on with Pakistan, with India, with Iran, with other neighbouring countries," Crosbie said.

"The Afghans are never going to have peace or reconciliation in their country unless the neighbours support the future we're trying to create." ....
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Articles found July 6, 2010

Canada borrows $19-million worth of electronic defence systems from U.S.
Roadside bombs now accounting for nearly all combat deaths in the war in Afghanistan as Canada enters its final year of the war.
By TIM NAUMETZ Published July 5, 2010
Article Link

With roadside bombs now accounting for nearly all combat deaths in the war in Afghanistan, Canadian troops are borrowing $19-million worth of electronic defence systems from the United States to counter the threat as Canada enters its final year of the military mission in Kandahar.

Cabinet approved an unusual directive last month giving Defence Minister Peter MacKay (Central Nova, N.S.) authority to borrow the sophisticated gear from the U.S. Marine Corps, prompting opposition questions about whether the Canadian government has done all it could over the past four years to protect soldiers against the deadly toll from so-called Improvised Explosive Devices.

As the war has dragged on, Afghan insurgents who initially engaged Canadian troops in open combat with rocket propelled grenades and small arms have turned almost exclusively to the deployment of landmines and IEDS—to the point that last year the improvised bombs claimed the lives of 29 of 32 Canadian dead.

A Cabinet order dated June 17 authorizes Mr. MacKay to borrow an unspecified number of "Improvised Explosive Device Electronic Countermeasure System devices" from the Marines. The directive says the systems have a total replacement value of $19,059,336 in U.S. currency.

The order also authorizes Mr. MacKay to reimburse the U.S. up to that amount for any of the equipment that is lost or destroyed and to compensate the U.S. from any claims for injury, death or property damage that could result from Canadian use of the system.
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Beyond McChrystal Lies a Bigger Tug of War
  Article Link

WHILE the uproar set off by Gen. Stanley A. McChrystal’s imprudent comments in Rolling Stone magazine has focused on the larger-than-life personalities involved, there is an important subtext: What does all this drama suggest about how the Pentagon and the State Department are sharing responsibility for the war in Afghanistan?

Perhaps a clue came during a secure video conference call between Washington and Kabul last Saturday. General McChrystal’s replacement, Gen. David H. Petraeus, called up the two top American civilian officials in the war — Richard C. Holbrooke, the special envoy; and Karl W. Eikenberry, the ambassador in Kabul.

The general raised a touchy issue: whether to buy generators to supply electricity to Kandahar. For months, the ambassador and many civilian development experts had opposed doing so now, because it didn’t fit long-term national plans for power generation. But Kandahar is the Taliban stronghold that is the American military’s next target. And General Petraeus, according to an official familiar with the conference call, said the basic services were so badly needed there that it justified going ahead.

The ambassador fell into line, the official said. In the perennial tug-of-war between civilian aspirations and military imperatives, score one for the Pentagon.
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Fighting, but Not Calling It Combat
By TIM ARANGO  Article Link  July 2, 2010, 9:53 pm

In an air conditioned tent here in the middle of the desert, surrounded by a security wall of armored vehicles, the chatter drifted to America’s other war.

Nothing, said Maj. Bryan L. Logan, the squadron operations officer for the Third Squadron, Seventh Cavalry Regiment, makes the wives back home (there are only men here) more angry than when an acquaintance makes a remark such as, “You must be happy your husband is in Iraq rather than Afghanistan.”

The soldiers understand Iraq is still a dangerous place – more dangerous, in fact, for the local population than in Afghanistan. Americans just aren’t leaving the wire as much anymore in Iraq.

From late-March to late-April this year, 173 civilians died in Afghanistan, according to a government official there, The Associated Press reported. In April, 235 civilians were killed in Baghdad alone, according to an official at the Ministry of the Interior.
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France: More military trainers to Afghanistan
AP, July 4

France's military will soon send 250 more trainers to Afghanistan, bringing the overall French force to 4,000 people.

The chief of the French defense staff, Edouard Guillaud, said in French Senate hearings that the French troops in Afghanistan "are 3,750 men and women who are engaged in a difficult operation."

He adds that "they will soon be 4,000, with the deployment" of new police and military trainers.

He says the war Afghanistan is "a war for the long term [emphasis added]."..

Mark
Ottawa
 
ARTICLES FOUND JULY 7

Afghanistan: British troops to hand over northern Helmand to US Marines
British troops will hand over some of the most dangerous and heavily contested parts of Afghanistan to US forces, ministers will announce on Wednesday.

Daily Telegraph, July 6
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/7875855/Afghanistan-British-troops-to-hand-over-northern-Helmand-to-US-Marines.html

Liam Fox, the Defence Secretary, will tell MPs that British troops in Helmand province will hand over districts including Sangin, where scores of British troops have been killed.

The change will see British troops withdrawing from large parts of northern Helmand and concentrate on the central area of the province.

By some estimates, around a third of the British fatalities in Helmand have come in Sangin, described by some soldiers as the most dangerous place in Afghanistan...

Any suggestion that Britain is giving up areas where so many British lives have been lost driving out the Taliban will prove controversial.

But with the US Marines now outnumbering British forces so heavily, military analysts said it was inevitable that the Americans would take more responsibility in Helmand.

Ministers and commanders are worried that the changes will be seen as a retreat or a humiliation for British forces [emphasis added]... 

Britain has around 8,000 troops in Helmand, while the US Marine Corps now has nearly 20,000...

Dent in Afghanistan war strategy: Why Kandahar locals turn to Taliban
The key to success in the Afghanistan war, Sen. John McCain said yesterday, is Kandahar. But despite efforts under way to improve governance, locals say they prefer the Taliban's quick justice to corrupt local courts.

CS Monitor, July 6
http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2010/0706/Dent-in-Afghanistan-war-strategy-Why-Kandahar-locals-turn-to-Taliban

Kandahar, Afghanistan —

As he took command of the Afghanistan war this weekend, Gen. David Petraeus wrote to NATO troops of building “a brighter future for a new country in an ancient land.”

But around Kandahar, the Taliban's heartland and what Sen. John McCain (R) of Arizona called Monday the "key to success or failure" in the war, growing numbers of citizens are turning away from the new Afghanistan’s corruption-plagued justice system to an ancient means of resolving disputes that is overseen by the Taliban.

Some go because they’re Taliban partisans, most others because the Taliban have something to offer that the government of Afghanistan so far does not: Fast, generally impartial justice from a court that doesn’t demand bribes for its services.

The phenomenon is part tradition – local mullahs have been adjudicating disputes between farmers and small businessmen for centuries.

But it’s also evidence of a government that has so far failed to deliver the governance that is crucial to success of America's strategy in Afghanistan, according to its advocates. They are well aware that it was the predatory behavior and corruption of local warlords in the early 1990s that drove many Afghans, seeking honesty and an end to anarchy, into the arms of the Taliban.

Why Rahmatullah recommends Taliban courts

Kandahar – and Afghanistan more generally – is far from the state of collapse that prevailed then [emphasis added]. But the fact that citizens are turning voluntarily to the Taliban’s parallel government in a city and province that is now the focus of a massive US and Afghan military buildup is a reminder of the limits of arms alone in defeating the insurgency...

An official working with the Canadian-led Provincial Reconstruction Team [emphasis added] in Kandahar says they’re well aware of the issue, and that part of the problem is the lack of competent judges. He says they’re running a crash program to give basic training and hope to add 15 to 20 new judges to the Kandahar court system in the coming months...

Mark
Ottawa
 
ARTICLES FOUND JULY 8

In scramble for Afghanistan, India looks to Iran
Reuters, July 6
http://blogs.reuters.com/pakistan/2010/07/06/in-scramble-for-afghanistan-india-looks-to-iran/

Diplomats like to stress that Afghanistan is not a zero-sum game, that if only the many regional players — including Pakistan and India – can settle their differences, they can find common cause in seeking a political settlement that will offer stability. That view comes complete with an appealing historical template – the British in India were able to extricate themselves from their failed Afghan wars in the 19th century in part because they agreed with Tsarist Russia that Afghanistan should be allowed to remain neutral.

Yet in the feverishness of the 21st century Afghan war, the perception (right or wrong) of a likely early American disengagement may be encouraging more, rather than less, zero-sum gamesmanship. The danger then is that far from moving towards a settlement for Afghanistan, regional players back different sides in the Afghan conflict, leading to de facto partition and renewed civil war.

With India now convinced Pakistan is pushing for a political settlement in Afghanistan which could return its former Taliban allies to power in Kabul, New Delhi in turn has renewed a drive to work with Iran to offset Pakistani influence there.

“I would today reiterate the need for structured, systematic and regular consultations with Iran on the situation in Afghanistan,” Indian Foreign Secretary Nirupama Rao said in a speech this week to Indian and Iranian think tanks, posted on the Ministry of External Affairs website.

“We are both neighbours of Afghanistan and Pakistan and have both long suffered from the threat of transnational terrorism emanating from beyond our borders. India, like Iran, is supportive of the efforts of the Afghan government and people to build a democratic, pluralistic and peaceful Afghanistan. Neither of our countries wish to see the prospect of fundamentalist and extremist groups once again suppressing the aspirations of the Afghan people and forcing Afghanistan back to being a training ground and sanctuary for terrorist groups.”..

Mark
Ottawa
 
  “Afghanistan is hardly lost” – Hanson
Conference of Defence Associations' media round-up, July 8
http://www.cdaforumcad.ca/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1278603792/0#0

...
Roland Paris, an Associate Professor of public and international affairs at the University of Ottawa, has launched True North Blog, providing international affairs commentary from a Canadian perspective.
http://rolandparis.wordpress.com/ ...

Mark
Ottawa
 
Reproduced under the Fair Dealings provisions of the Copyright Act.


“Corruption: an industry and a culture in Afghanistan”

CTV News, July 8


LINK


ASHRAF KHIL & KABUL, Afghanistan — The men of the village sat cross-legged, listening to the candidate under a tent that was a reprieve from the sun but heaved with heat.


All generations of the village of Ashraf Khil it seemed were here (except the women) to see the candidate who would be their pick in upcoming parliamentary elections.

The audience was diligent and quiet for the most part until the candidate's speech turned to the issue of corruption. The men stirred. The very mention of the word set heads nodding and voices mumbling. Someone shouted something I didn't understand but others seemed to agree and even added Allah akbar!, or God is great, as punctuation.

Corruption is something that strikes a similar chord in any village or city anywhere in Afghanistan. It is the nation's bond. Bribes, graft, and outright embezzlement are pervasive and flourish at every level and at every scale. Corruption is both an industry and a culture.

Take Ashraf Khil as an example. The village has no school or clinic for 2,400 people. There is no electricity and barely a road. The way the men tell it district officials have long been aware of their needs but the money they were promised never seemed to make it.

Is there corruption in the government?

Of course, they said, almost scoffing, and went on to list the many ways that corruption warps their lives. They pay bribes to register a car, or to get a job, or to keep the jobs they already have.

"When we make bricks from mud out in the field," one man said, "the police come and we have to pay them 50 or 100 Afs."

A dollar or two is a lot to lose when the day's wage is not much more than that. Refusing to pay can be costlier.

"You think you can spend a quiet night in your village if you don't?" asked a labourer who loads trucks and forfeits a third of his salary to local police and officials. He said refusers land in jail.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In its second national survey on corruption, the group Integrity Watch Afghanistan (www.iwaweb.org) found that Afghans paid nearly a billion dollars in bribes in 2009. The average kickback was US$180 and it is the poor who get ripped off the most.

"It has soared to levels not seen before," says Lorenzo Delesgues, one of the authors of the report who questioned 6,500 people across the country. A third of households paid a bribe to get a public service. Corruption was listed among Afghanistan's most corrosive problems after insecurity and unemployment.

One of the more disturbing trends shows that half of those polled believe corruption is fostering the growth of the Taliban. In 33 of 34 provinces, the Taliban has established ‘shadow governments' and a system of courts that resolve criminal accusations or property disputes in a day.

"Taliban justice is swift and they provide security," said Haroon Mir, who heads a think-tank in Kabul. "The Taliban have one advantage over the Afghan government in that they are not corrupt."

A former Taliban ambassador told me in an interview that Afghans are pleased with the Taliban system because it is free of delay and bribery.

"The spirit of the Taliban Islamic Movement and the people who are supporting it is high. Very high," he stressed, suggesting it may matter less whether the Taliban can outfight NATO forces because in many ways they are out-governing Afghans.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Corruption is the known and open wound in Afghanistan that has been exacerbated by billions of dollars in foreign aid that has flowed into the country for years. Studies show less than half of every development dollar actually reaches a project.

If reports are to be believed there are also billions being secreted out of Afghanistan, allegedly in boxes and suitcases through Kabul airport to tax havens like Dubai. A number of Afghan businessmen and officials are said to be owners of lavish villas in the Gulf.

If Afghanistan's total GDP (gross domestic product) is about US$13.5 billion, the alleged carry-on migration of nearly US$3 billion would suggest not all of those ‘transfers' were necessarily licit. The U.S. Congressional Committee that controls handouts has frozen about US$4 billion in aid until it is convinced the money is doing more than lining pockets.

When Afghan president Hamid Karzai renewed his claim to power he vowed to fight corruption. He talked about ending the "impunity and violations of the law." Karzai is often quick to blame Western influence and waste, as a resentful and often defensive stance when he is criticized for his lack of action.

Karzai formed the High Office of Oversight and Anti-Corruption with a big splash and a lousy budget. To date, the commission is expected to tackle a multi-billion dollar scourge with only US$2 million.

"It's not nearly enough," says Qaseem Ludin, the Afghan-Canadian who is the Office's deputy chair. He explained that budget increase is bogged down in paperwork and bureaucracy. Ludin's frustration is obvious though he is far more diplomatic in explaining it.

"There are a lot of hurdles," he concedes.

A centrepiece of the Office's new powers was the decree by Karzai for ministers and officials to declare their assets. A number of ministers, including some in Karzai's own cabinet, have so far refused or simply ignored the requirement.

Karzai's declaration was the first to be made public: net monthly earnings of US$525, less than US$20,000 in a German bank, and no land. I asked Ludin if he thought Afghans actually believed that.

"Well, he's the president," he said, "he has expenses."

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

According to the Integrity Watch survey Afghans are far less tolerant of corruption and the lavish lifestyles they see thriving around them. The disparity of wealth is striking.

In Kabul, massive Hummers and kitted-out Lexus SUVs cause traffic jams in a city that still lacks a proper sewage system. Near the airport there is a billboard announcing that ‘Land Rover Has Come to Town.' Restaurants buzz with the banter of drunk contractors and the war's sleazy profiteers. There is a building boom of gaudy mansions with gauche pillars on streets where kids are routinely eating from garbage.

"The authorities put it in their pockets," said a carpenter repairing a storefront. "Only the rich get richer."

Despite inroads by the Taliban in the countryside it seems the vast majority of Afghans still look to the president to fix corruption. They also claim to surveyors that they feel guilty about paying bribes but figure it is the only way to get things done. If it is habit at every level of government it is seen as not only acceptable but a tactic of survival.

"Corruption compromises everything," says Thomas Ruttig, an analyst who has spent decades in Afghanistan. "It feeds the warlords, undermines the administration and international effort. It gets poisoned from the inside like a cancer."

Some people chuckle at the idea the disease might ever be cured, or even controlled. Mohammed Ismail has had the past few years to ponder this. A car dealer accused of supplying vehicles for the Taliban to repurpose as bombs, he is at the half-way point of a 10-year sentence at Kabul's notorious Pul-e-Charki prison.

Like most prisoners he claims his incarceration on something short of innocence. For 20 minutes, Ismail berated Afghan 'justice' as a system that is neither "Islamic law nor infidel law" but a tool for regimes to take revenge in family feuds, make money, and settle scores.

"There is no justice without a bribe," he says, "there is only the pocket law."

The Integrity Watch survey declared the judiciary among the most corrupt institutions.

I asked another prisoner, Hajji Halat Daad, if he thought he might be released under a decree from Karzai to free nearly a thousand Taliban prisoners. He actually laughed.

"There was a decree last year, too," he smiled through scrabbled teeth, "but it didn't happen because the official here wanted a bribe. An exit fee."

Sources at the U.S. Treasury Department in Kabul say they have long held out hope of a "high-profile conviction" to set an example. Ludin, the anti-corruption deputy, confirms that dozens of Afghan officials, some of them important, are being investigated.

So far nothing has happened to suggest to Afghans it is anything but business as usual.



 
ARTICLES FOUND JULY 9

Petraeus reviews directive meant to limit Afghan civilian deaths
Washington Post, July 9
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/07/08/AR2010070806219.html?wpisrc=nl_cuzhead&sid=ST2010070806293

To the U.S. soldiers getting pounded with thunderous mortar rounds in their combat outpost near Kandahar, it seemed like a legitimate request: allow them to launch retaliatory mortar shells or summon an airstrike against their attackers. The incoming fire was landing perilously close to a guard station, and the soldiers, using a high-powered camera, could clearly see the insurgents shooting.

The response from headquarters -- more than 20 miles away -- was terse. Permission denied. Battalion-level officers deemed the insurgents too close to a cluster of mud-brick houses, perhaps with civilians inside.

Although the insurgents stopped firing before anybody was wounded, the troops were left seething.

"This is not how you fight a war, at least not in Kandahar," said a soldier at the outpost who described the incident, which occurred last month, on the condition of anonymity. "We've been handcuffed by our chain of command."

With insurgent attacks increasing across Afghanistan, frustration about rules of engagement is growing among troops, and among some members of Congress. Addressing those concerns will be one of the most complicated initial tasks facing Gen. David H. Petraeus, the new commander of U.S. and NATO forces in the country.

The controversy pits the desire of top military officers to limit civilian casualties, something they regard as an essential part of the overall counterinsurgency campaign, against a widespread feeling among rank-and-file troops that restrictions on air and mortar strikes are placing them at unnecessary risk and allowing Taliban fighters to operate with impunity.

During his confirmation hearing before the Senate Armed Services Committee, Petraeus promised to "look very hard" at the rules of engagement. He has since asked Lt. Gen. David M. Rodriguez, the top operational commander in Afghanistan, to review the rules. The examination will include discussions with troops around the country, military officials said.

At issue is a tactical directive issued last July by Petraeus's predecessor, Gen. Stanley A. McChrystal, that limits the use of air and mortar strikes against houses unless personnel are in imminent danger. The directive requires troops to take extensive measures, including a 48-hour "pattern of life" analysis with on-the-ground or aerial surveillance, to ensure that civilians are not in a housing compound before ordering an airstrike...

Part of the controversy is rooted in divergent interpretations of the directive. To those atop the chain of command, the restriction has helped reduce civilian casualties, which have been a politically charged issue in Afghanistan and have helped sap popular support for the international military presence. There have been 197 civilian fatalities caused by NATO forces, including U.S. troops, in the 12 months since the directive was issued, compared with 332 in the previous year [emphasis added], according to figures compiled by the NATO command in Kabul...
 

British combat role in Afghanistan 'could be over in three years'
Ambassador Sir William Patey sees need for long-term partnership between the two countries

The Guardian, July 8
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jul/08/british-combat-afghanistan-timescale

British troops could end their combat role in Afghanistan even sooner than the five years the government has suggested, the UK's top diplomat in the country said today.

Political developments could accelerate the process, leading to a reduction in fighting and to Nato forces ending their combat in a "three- to five-year timescale", said Sir William Patey, Britain's ambassador to Kabul. Talks leading to a political settlement should get off the ground sooner rather than later, he added, referring to contacts with Taliban elements.

He was speaking at a meeting in London organised by the International Institute for Strategic Studies, at which a Foreign Office minister, Alistair Burt, emphasised the government's commitment to ending the combat role of British troops in Helmand at the latest by 2015 [emphasis added], the date Britain's next general election is due...

Mark
Ottawa
 
Articles found July 11, 2010

2400 Canadian Soldiers on 72 Hour Notice For Gulf Deployment
Article Link

Originating Article Link

Gen. Gene Renuart, and Canadian Lt.-Gen. Marc Dumais, head of Canada Command, signed the plan, which allows the military from one nation to support the armed forces of the other nation in a civil emergency.

The new agreement has been greeted with suspicion by the left wing in Canada and the right wing in the U.S.

There is potential for the agreement to militarize civilian responses to emergency incidents. Also underway is a plan for the two nations to put in place a joint plan to protect common infrastructuresuch as roadways and oil pipelines.

If U.S. forces were to come into Canada they would be under tactical control of the Canadian Forces but still under the command of the U.S. military.

News of the deal, and the allegation it was kept secret in Canada, is already making the rounds on left-wing blogs and Internet sites as an example of the dangers of the growing integration between the two militaries.
More on link

Obama wiggling on pledge to exit Afghanistan
Article Link

Paul Koring

Washington — From Tuesday's Globe and Mail Published on Monday, Jul. 05, 2010 8:32PM EDT Last updated on Tuesday, Jul. 06, 2010 8:04AM EDT

Unless he can contrive to decisively win the war in Afghanistan in the next 12 months, Barack Obama must stage a successful retreat under attack, the toughest manoeuvre for any supreme commander, even when fought on the political battlefield at home.

Mr. Obama is caught in the pincer between his pledge to start pulling troops out of Afghanistan by next July and the starkly evident reality that the raging Taliban insurgency may require more U.S. reinforcements instead of repatriating any of the 100,000 already there.

Mr. Obama left himself some wiggle room when he made the initial promise, and one of his senior lieutenants is now floating a strategy that could mean using the Canadian pullout to cover the President’s exposed political flank.
More on link

Canadian colonel says security ring will result in safer city in days
  Article Link
By: Bill Graveland, The Canadian Press 10/07/2010

A senior military official said Saturday that the security cordon that has been set up around Kandahar city should show almost immediate results in guaranteeing the safety of the Afghan people.

As of July 1, a ring of security checkpoints started to set up on major routes in and out of Kandahar city and being staffed with a formidable combination of Afghan and NATO forces.

The 13 checkpoints, which include search areas for vehicles, aren't unlike a border crossing between Canada and the United States.

The idea is to keep out the Taliban and keep the criminal element in check in terms of narcotics and weapons.

"This is going to have an effect within days for the communities and subdistricts and possibly weeks for the city itself and perhaps months for the city to be able to operate and deliver effective governance," explained Lt.-Col. Simon Bernard, the head of mid and long term planning for Task Force Kandahar.

"If we're looking at it at the provincial level that of course will take months if not years. Delivering Kandhar city is really the key piece for the south and after that we can use the inkspot analogy and increase security from Kandahar city to the outskirts and districts around the city."

The number of checkpoints will likely go as high as 20 depending on need or even 30 if needed said Bernard.
More on link

Top commanders meet in bunker in Afghanistan
  Article Link
U.S. and Canadian leaders share thoughts behind fortifications
By Matthew Fisher, Canwest News Service July 10, 2010

NATO's new Afghan commander, U.S. Gen. David Petraeus, sent a message to the Taliban on Friday with his first meeting outside Kabul since taking up the job last weekend.

Petraeus met for 15 minutes with Canada's Brig.-Gen. Jon Vance at a heavily fortified checkpoint that had recently been erected to prevent insurgents from getting into or out of Kandahar City.

The checkpoint, which has enormous concrete blast walls to impede suicide bombers, leads into what is regarded as one of the most volatile districts in Kandahar City and has been an important infiltration point for Taliban hooking down into the provincial capital from the northeast from Pakistan.

It is an area where the Red Army was sometimes ambushed by the mujahedeen in the 1980s.

It was not revealed what Vance, who commands NATO forces in Kandahar City, discussed with Petraeus, but the alliance and the Taliban have identified the city as the potentially decisive battleground in their nearly nine-year war.
More on link

Afghanistan air drops provide life support to troops
Article Link

With the roads in southern Afghanistan fraught with danger for land convoys, some vital supplies are now being air-dropped into the coalition troops' more remote forward operating bases by the RAF.

The airfield at Kandahar airbase works night and day, seven days a week, transporting troops and equipment into this landlocked country.

In the blazing afternoon sun, a heat-haze rises from the tarmac as soldiers from 47 Air Despatch Squadron load up huge pallets of water and rations into the back of a Hercules C-130 aircraft.

It is a method dating back to the air drops of World War II, when British troops operating in France were re-supplied by air.

Today, air drops are being used for the smaller Nato patrol bases and checkpoints scattered across Helmand province - still one of the most hostile areas of Afghanistan.
More on link

Afghan police chiefs brief NATO mentors
  Article Link
By Matthew Fisher, Canwest News Service July 11, 2010

s scores of veteran Afghan policemen ran around the regional training centre grounds on Saturday pretending to fire red-coloured fake assault rifl es, police chiefs from across southern Afghanistan watched through the windows of a hall where they were meeting with senior NATO officers charged with expanding and improving the much maligned force.

"I don't think we anticipated the degree of difficulty that there would be for the commanders in the field," said Maj.-Gen. Mike Ward, the Canadian army officer who has headed all police training in Afghanistan since last year.

One of the biggest headaches has been that 40,000 of Afghanistan's 107,000 policemen have never had any formal training. While trying to recruit and educate tens of thousands of new policemen to help confront the Taliban, there was also an urgent parallel need to train all those who had never had any training in the first place.

Other major difficulties included a high turnover rate, drug abuse and the question of how to add lustre to a force that Afghans have regarded for years as being grossly corrupt.
More on link
 
GAP said:
Articles found July 11, 2010

2400 Canadian Soldiers on 72 Hour Notice For Gulf Deployment
Article Link

Originating Article Link

Gen. Gene Renuart, and Canadian Lt.-Gen. Marc Dumais, head of Canada Command, signed the plan, which allows the military from one nation to support the armed forces of the other nation in a civil emergency.

The new agreement has been greeted with suspicion by the left wing in Canada and the right wing in the U.S.

There is potential for the agreement to militarize civilian responses to emergency incidents. Also underway is a plan for the two nations to put in place a joint plan to protect common infrastructuresuch as roadways and oil pipelines.

If U.S. forces were to come into Canada they would be under tactical control of the Canadian Forces but still under the command of the U.S. military.

News of the deal, and the allegation it was kept secret in Canada, is already making the rounds on left-wing blogs and Internet sites as an example of the dangers of the growing integration between the two militaries.
More on link


Just to put this OLD news into perspective:

Commander - Canada Command


Lieutenant-General W. Seminaniw, CMM, MSC, CD

Lieutenant-General Semianiw is the Commander of Canada Command headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario Canada.

Lieutenant-General Semianiw enrolled in the Canadian Forces in 1982 and was commissioned as an infantry officer in the Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry also known as the PPCLI. After completing his infantry officer classification training, he joined the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the PPCLI where he served in a variety of command and staff appointments. He later commanded the 1st Battalion PPCLI.

Lieutenant-General Semianiw has served at the Brigade, Area, Division, and Task Force levels in a variety of command and staff appointments at home and abroad. He has served at the National Defence Headquarters as the Army G3, and on the Joint Staff as the J3 Land and J5 Policy Coordinator. He has also served at the Privy Council Office of Canada, and as the Special Assistant to the Assistant Deputy Minister Military Personnel.

He was responsible for CF operations in Afghanistan in 2005. On his return from Afghanistan he was appointed the Commandant of the Canadian Forces College. He was subsequently appointed the Assistant Chief of Military Personnel and then Chief of Military Personnel from 2007 until 2010. Lieutenant-General Semianiw was appointed the Commander of Canada Command in July 2010.

Lieutenant-General Semianiw is a graduate of the Canadian Forces College. He holds a Master of Arts in Military Studies, and a Master in Defence Studies. He has also completed the Joint Warfighter Component of the U.S. Military General/Flag Officer Capstone Programme and the NATO General Officer's Course.

Lieutenant-General Semianiw’s awards include Commander of the Order of Military Merit, the Meritorious Service Cross and the Order of St John.

Lieutenant-General Semianiw is married to Nancy nee Paradis and has two children.

 
ARTICLES FOUND JULY 12

Britain's top general in Afghanistan admits 'courageous restraint' must change
Britain's most senior general in Afghanistan has admitted that rules for opening fire on Taliban insurgents must be "re-examined" following complaints from soldiers that they were too restrictive.

Daily Telegraph, July 11
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/7884017/Britains-top-general-in-Afghanistan-admits-courageous-restraint-must-change.html

Soldiers and Royal Marines told The Daily Telegraph last week that their lives were being endangered by the policy of "courageous restraint" introduced by Gen Stanley McChrystal to cut down the number of civilian casualties.

In an interview with the Telegraph, Lt Gen Sir Nick Parker said troops in more dangerous areas should be able to use "all the tools at their disposal".

Last month was the bloodiest since Nato troops entered Afghanistan in 2001, and it is understood that soldiers will be given more flexibility in using lethal force to defend themselves after some complained they were fighting with "one hand tied behind our backs".

"In some areas we have over-corrected and we have to absolutely make sure we bring that gently back into line," said the Deputy Commander ISAF (International Security Assistance Force).

"Our soldiers have to be committed to the very challenging fight that they are in, they have to have all the tools at their disposal and they have got to feel free to use them in the right way, but what we must do is not alienate the population.

"So we need to re-examine this and make sure that there has been no risk of overcorrecting. We have to ensure that we are allowing our people to have the right degree of manouevre on operations to deal with the circumstances they face."

But the general added that recent special forces operations that had been "extremely effective" in capturing or killing high-level Taliban and could force senior commanders to defect [emphasis added]...

Afghanistan's North Heats Up
Insurgents Kill 11 Police as a Reprise of Violence in the Region Presents a Challenge for NATO

WSJ, July 12
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703580104575360541911931032.html

Insurgents killed 11 Afghan police and assassinated a district chief over the weekend, in a reprise of violence in a once-peaceful region of northern Afghanistan, officials said Sunday...

A stronger insurgency in northern Afghanistan has presented a challenge to North Atlantic Treaty Organization forces, who have so far concentrated their offensive against the Taliban in the southern and eastern provinces, the insurgents' traditional stronghold.

With coalition troops in the north thinly dispersed, provinces there have hosted a largely unprotected rear supply line. Recently, U.S. Special Operations forces and Afghan commandos have tried to stamp out the insurgency in the key northern province of Kunduz, with almost-daily raids that have targeted insurgent leaders.

The U.S. also plans to send thousands of troops from the U.S. 10th Mountain Division who will act as police and army trainers in the region in Kunduz province [emphasis added], which had been a relative bastion of anti-Taliban strength before the U.S. invasion in 2001.

But NATO officials say the struggle has been complicated in the northern provinces because the insurgents are so diverse, ranging from ideologically driven Islamists to simple criminals engaged in weapons and narcotics smuggling.

Locals say the U.S. pressure has shown mixed results. Raids have captured and killed a large number of commanders, but the Taliban have quickly replaced many of them. Locals also report an influx of fighters from adjoining provinces, Tajikistan [emphasis added] and Pakistan...

Hundreds gathered in the northern city of Mazar-i-Sharif on Saturday to protest the deaths of two security guards in a raid by U.S. forces at a bazaar. Protesters said the security guards were unjustly killed, but U.S. officials said they were guarding a Taliban operative who supplied bomb-making material...
 

Karzai to push for removing up to 50 ex-Taliban officials from U.N. blacklist
Washington Post, July 12
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/07/11/AR2010071103505.html?wpisrc=nl_cuzhead

UNITED NATIONS -- Afghan President Hamid Karzai plans to seek the removal of up to 50 former Taliban officials from a U.N. terrorism blacklist -- more than a quarter of those on the list -- in a gesture intended to advance political reconciliation talks with insurgents, according to a senior Afghan official.

The Afghan government has sought for years to delist former Taliban figures who it says have cut ties with the Islamist movement. But the campaign to cull names from the list, which imposes a travel ban and other restrictions on 137 individuals tied to the Taliban, has taken on renewed urgency in recent weeks as Karzai has begun to press for a political settlement to Afghanistan's nearly nine-year-old conflict.

The diplomatic outreach at the United Nations has been met with resistance from U.N. officials, who are demanding more evidence that the individuals in question have renounced violence, embraced the new Afghan constitution and severed any links with the Taliban and al-Qaeda.

On Tuesday, Richard C. Holbrooke, President Obama's special envoy for Afghanistan and Pakistan, traveled to New York to meet with U.N. officials to press them to move forward on the delisting process, according to sources familiar with the talks.

The United States opposes the delisting of some of the most violent Taliban fighters, including leader Mohammad Omar. But Holbrooke is eager to reach agreement on removing a slate of purportedly reformed Taliban members ahead of a major international conference in Kabul this month that is aimed at bolstering stability in Afghanistan.

Thomas Mayr-Harting, an Austrian diplomat responsible for overseeing the terrorism list, has made it clear that a specially charged U.N. committee he leads will not approve the delisting solely to boost the peace process. He has also voiced frustration that Afghanistan has not made a detailed case for delisting...

Distrust Slows U.S. Training of Pakistanis
NY Times, July 11
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/12/world/asia/12training.html?ref=todayspaper

The recent graduation ceremony here for Pakistani troops trained by Americans to fight the Taliban and Al Qaeda was intended as show of fresh cooperation between the Pakistani and American militaries. But it said as much about its limitations.

Nearly 250 Pakistani paramilitary troops in khaki uniforms and green berets snapped to attention, with top students accepting a certificate from an American Army colonel after completing the specialized training for snipers and platoon and company leaders.

But this new center, 20 miles from the Afghanistan border, was built to train as many as 2,000 soldiers at a time. The largest component of the American-financed instruction — a 10-week basic-training course — is months behind schedule, officials from both sides acknowledge, in part because Pakistani commanders say they cannot afford to send troops for new training as fighting intensifies in the border areas.

Pakistan also restricts the number of American trainers throughout the country to no more than about 120 Special Operations personnel, fearful of being identified too closely with the unpopular United States — even though the Americans reimburse Pakistan more than $1 billion a year for its military operations in the border areas. “We want to keep a low signature,” said a senior Pakistani officer.

The deep suspicion that underlies every American move here is a fact of life that American officers say they must work through as they try to reverse the effects of the many years when the United States had cut Pakistan off from military aid because of its nuclear weapons program...

Such are the limits on the Americans that dozens of Pakistani enlisted “master trainers,” taught by the Americans, do the bulk of the hands-on instruction here. Since January 2009, about 1,000 scouts from Pakistan’s Frontier Corps have completed the training [emphasis added], which is designed to help turn the 58,000-member paramilitary force that patrols the tribal areas from a largely passive border force into skilled and motivated fighters...

By urging Pakistan to embrace counterinsurgency training, the United States is trying to steer the Pakistani Army toward spending more resources against what Washington believes is Pakistan’s main enemy, the Taliban and Al Qaeda, rather than devoting almost the entire military effort against India, American officials said. Central to this approach is an array of training that the Americans tailor to what Pakistani says it needs for the Frontier Corps, its conventional army and its Special Operations forces [emphasis added]... 

The most gifted Frontier Corps marksmen are selected for sniper training, a skill in need against the Taliban who have been using Russian-made Dragonov sniper rifles to deadly effect against the Pakistani Army.

Five two-man sniper teams, trained to use American-made M24 rifles
[emphasis added] as well as how to work with a spotter, measure wind speeds and camouflage their positions, received awards from Colonel Sonntag...

Mark
Ottawa
 
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