RABAT, Afghanistan—The men of this remote village, dressed in crisp beige uniforms and armed with Kalashnikovs, are defending their land against the Taliban, in a U.S. Special Forces-driven experiment that is set to spread nationwide.
New legislation, hammered out by American and Afghan officials and expected to be enacted by President Hamid Karzai in coming weeks, would authorize armed village forces across Afghanistan and bring them into the country's law-enforcement system.
The strategy, long advocated by U.S. Special Operations commanders, aims to provide a grass-roots counterbalance to the insurgents and fill a security vacuum in swaths of rural Afghanistan that the overstretched U.S. and Afghan regular forces can't reach...
Past Special Forces efforts to raise anti-Taliban irregulars have been mired in controversy because of concerns that local militias could spin out of control and wage war on tribal rivals. Such fears had prompted the U.S. Embassy and Afghan officials to withhold cooperation with village self-defense initiatives just a few months ago.
The new legislation addresses these concerns by putting the village irregulars under the supervision of local police chiefs, making them answerable, ultimately, to the Ministry of Interior in Kabul, which would provide weapons and wages...
Other villages in this part of Paktika also signed agreements pledging to keep the Taliban away from their lands. "They've come to believe that we are the winning horse [emphasis added]," says the U.S. captain, whose name can't be published under U.S. rules...
Afghan President Hamid Karzai has agreed to send a group of military officers to Pakistan for training, a significant policy shift that Afghan and Pakistani officials said signals deepening relations between the long-wary neighbors.
The move is a victory for Pakistan, which seeks a major role in Afghanistan as officials in both countries become increasingly convinced that the U.S. war effort there is faltering. Afghan officials said Karzai has begun to see Pakistan as a necessary ally in ending the war through negotiation with the Taliban or on the battlefield.
"This is meant to demonstrate confidence to Pakistan, in the hope of encouraging them to begin a serious consultation and conversation with us on the issue of [the] Taliban," Rangin Dadfar Spanta, Karzai's national security adviser, said of the training agreement.
The previously unpublicized training would involve only a small group of officers, variously described as between a handful and a few dozen, but it has enormous symbolic importance as the first tangible outcome of talks between Karzai and Pakistan's military and intelligence chiefs that began in May. It is likely to be controversial among some Afghans who see Pakistan as a Taliban puppet-master rather than as a cooperative neighbor, and in India, which is wary of Pakistan's intentions in Afghanistan.
Some key U.S. officials involved in Afghanistan said they knew nothing of the arrangement. "We are neither aware of nor have we been asked to facilitate training of the Afghan officer corps with the Pakistani military," Lt. Gen. William B. Caldwell IV, head of the NATO training command in Afghanistan, said in an e-mail. But Afghanistan, he said, "is a sovereign nation and can make bilateral agreements with other nations to provide training."..
U.S. officials are generally pleased with the rapprochement between Afghanistan and Pakistan, but the rapid progress of the talks has given some an uneasy feeling that events are moving outside U.S. control. Karzai told the Obama administration about his first meeting with Pakistani intelligence chief Ahmed Shuja Pasha [emphasis added] when he visited Washington in May, but "he didn't say what they talked about, what the Pakistanis offered. He just dangled" the information, one U.S. official said.
That session, and at least one follow-up meeting among Karzai, Pasha and the Pakistani army chief of staff, Gen. Ashfaq Kiyani [emphasis added], included discussion of Pakistan-facilitated talks with Taliban leaders, although the two governments differed on whether the subject was raised with a Pakistan offer or an Afghan request. Both governments denied subsequent reports that Karzai had met face to face with Pakistan-based insurgent leader Sirajuddin Haqqani...
While building Afghanistan's weak army is a key component of U.S. strategy, more than 300 Afghan soldiers are currently being trained under bilateral agreements in other countries, including Turkey and India, Pakistan's traditional adversary [emphasis added]...
A ring of security was set in place on the major routes in and out of Kandahar city on Thursday - NATO's first major step to try to bring a degree of calm to Afghanistan's second largest city.
The measures are part of Operation Hamkari, which translated into English means co-operation. The coalition has been talking about the new security measures for months.
"What you're seeing now is the first stage of the security plan for the city that has many, many facets to it," Canadian Brig.-Gen. Craig King, director of Future Plans for RC (Regional Command) South told The Canadian Press.
"I think there's a lot of misperception out there in terms of what this is all about. We're not in the game of starting a street battle, he said. "What we're talking about for this city is that it's very much a public order issue that is focused on the police."
A security ring of 12 checkpoints was set up on major routes in and out of the city. Each checkpoint has a full contingent of Afghan police and soldiers, including members of the U.S. 508th Infantry Brigade [sic, emphasis added]...
Kandahar City, Afghanistan — Canada relinquished command of two hotly disputed districts in Kandahar where more than 40 Canadian soldiers have died over the past four years, to the U.S. earlier this week.
The quiet transfer of authority for Zhari and Arghandab to the 101st Airborne Division was revealed by Canadian Brig.-Gen Jon Vance on Thursday. It was the first reduction in Task Force Kandahar’s area of military responsibility in Afghanistan since the Paul Martin government authorized combat operations in the southern province in the spring of 2006.
The shift of responsibility for Zhari and Arghandab, which occurred at midnight on Monday, was the result of a surge of U.S. forces into Kandahar ordered by U.S. President Barack Obama and of Canada’s planned withdrawal of combat forces from the province next summer...
In the past few days, a large number of troops from the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division and from the Afghan National Civil Order Police — which is considered several cuts above the Afghan National Police [emphasis added] — has moved into living quarters together at more than a dozen checkpoints on the perimeter of the city. While ANCOP works with the American paratroopers, the ANP will be off on training courses...
As the Afghan war's bloodiest month for Western forces drew to a close Wednesday, the widening scope and relentless tempo of battlefield casualties pointed to a formidable challenge for U.S. Army Gen. David H. Petraeus, the incoming commander.
At least 102 coalition troops were killed in June in Afghanistan, according to the independent website icasualties.org, far surpassing the previous highest monthly total of 76 military fatalities in August 2009.
In a reflection of the increasingly American face of the war as the summer's troop buildup presses ahead, at least 60 of those killed were U.S. service members, including a soldier killed by small-arms fire Wednesday in eastern Afghanistan. The previous highest monthly death toll for American forces was in October 2009, when 59 were killed.
Buried roadside bombs continued to cause the majority of fatalities, despite what the military has described as some success using electronic surveillance to spot insurgents planting explosives and to stage raids on bomb-making rings.
But a plethora of other hazards have pushed to the fore as Petraeus, who was confirmed Wednesday by the Senate, 99-0, takes command in Afghanistan. Firefights, helicopter crashes, ambushes, sniper fire and complex coordinated assaults — such as Wednesday's attempt by insurgents to fight their way onto NATO's largest airbase in eastern Afghanistan — have also exacted a significant toll in deaths and injuries.
As the pattern of fatalities shows, it is a war with a widening geographical reach. The country's east and south, the traditional Taliban strongholds, predictably saw the heaviest fighting, but a swath of the north became increasingly restive as well [emphasis added]...
In countries with smaller troop contingents, the shockwave from war deaths tends to be magnified.
Norway, which has about 500 troops in Afghanistan, suffered its largest single-day battlefield loss since World War II on Sunday when four of its soldiers were killed [emphasis added] by a roadside bomb in the north. Until then, the Norwegian death toll in the war had been five.
Another ally, Australia, was disproportionately hit by four troop deaths in June [emphasis added], three of them elite commandos killed in a helicopter crash in Kandahar. Those losses represented one-quarter of Australia's total war dead in Afghanistan...
Afghan forces too have been seeing larger numbers of troops killed. The Afghan army lost 37 men in June [emphasis added], said Defense Ministry spokesman Gen. Mohammed Zahir Azimi...
A Taliban suicide squad stormed the compound of a U.S.-based development group in northern Afghanistan on Friday, killing at least three expatriate workers, a security guard and an Afghan police officer, officials said.
All six attackers also died in the predawn assault in the city of Kunduz. One died when he blew up a sport-utility vehicle at the compound's gates at the outset of the strike, and the other five died in a subsequent gunbattle, according to provincial police.
The provincial governor, Mohammed Omar, identified the three slain foreigners as from Germany, Britain and the Philippines, and German officials confirmed the death of one of their nationals.
Friday's attack -- which coincided with the arrival in Kabul of the new American commander of Western forces, Gen. David Petraeus -- took place at a compound belonging to the Washington, D.C.-based Development Alternatives, Inc. The company is working under contract to the U.S. Agency for International Development, or USAID...
Such coordinated and determined insurgent strikes on foreign non-military targets are relatively rare, especially in Afghanistan's once-quiet north. But the Taliban movement -- which claimed responsibility for Friday's strike -- has made it clear that international aid organizations are not immune from being targeted...
COLUMBUS, Ohio —
The Ohio National Guard's 37th Infantry Brigade Combat Team is preparing to send about 3,600 soldiers from Ohio and Michigan to Afghanistan in what will be its largest deployment since the Korean War in 1952.
The state Adjutant General's Department says the guard received an alert order in May, and that the team will mobilize out of Camp Shelby, Miss., in the spring and deploy to Afghanistan in summer 2011. The 37th will replace the 4th Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division
http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=59299 [emphasis added]...
...
Two convoys travelling to the combat outpost in the Pashmul area of Zhari district had been attacked the previous day. The craters left in the giant sandbagged perimeter by rocket propelled grenades were clearly visibly.
American soldiers arriving in Kandahar for this summer's long-awaited operation to secure Afghanistan's second city have found a well-prepared enemy.
The Daily Telegraph was the first newspaper to accompany the influx of troops from the 101st Airborne Division into Zhari district, the home of the Taliban movement.
Coalition commanders insist the push, named Operation Hamkari or 'cooperation', is a new kind of military offensive. Its objective is governance and jobs rather than gun battles.
But it is already clear, a month after the reinforcements arrived, they will need to fight for Zhari first.
The area forms a funnel of arms, fighters and supplies from rural Kandahar and Helmand to the provincial capital.
Whoever controls Zhari, which sits astride the Highway One nationwide ring road, has a critical hold on the western approach to Kandahar city [emphasis added]...
The 101st Airborne Division and hundreds of Afghan soldiers arrived in May to wrest the Taliban's birthplace from the insurgency's grip.
"This is their area we are operating in," explained Lt Col Johnny Davis, commander of the division's first battalion, 502nd infantry regiment.
"It's their back yard, this is where their movement began and I am sure they have been told not to lose it."
Zhari is a focal point of President Barack Obama's surge. Several thousand American and Afghan troops have replaced a company of little more than 120 Canadians [emphasis added]...
American commanders are confident that weight of numbers not time will tilt the battle. "We have heard all the names, the Heart of Darkness and so on," said Major Matt Neumeyer "But just by sheer numbers we are going to gain more space and take it from the enemy [emphasis added]."
Rahmatullah, a slender Afghan engineer who lives in Kandahar city, tried to be polite when young Shawn Adams of Digby, Nova Scotia, offered to help in his efforts to build a local school.
Sgt. Adams, 23, was leading a Canadian foot patrol when he encountered Rahmatullah, who complained that he and his neighbors had donated land for a school that the Afghan government has refused to build.
Adams promised to pass the complaint up the chain to his military superiors. But Rahmatullah simply sighed and said: "I'm sorry, sir. I've been here six years. I've heard these promises so many times I don't believe them anymore."..
...The province is the focus of the "surge" of 30,000 troops ordered by President Obama in December, but the heavy combat sweeps promised by top U.S. commanders in briefings to reporters in the winter have not taken place. Those commanders now say there will be no massive military operation here, instead describing a sustained effort designed to establish security bit by bit to pave the way for development and proper governance.
Most of the added troops have been patrolling Kandahar for weeks, pumping residents for information on insurgents while promising development and a responsive government. An accompanying civilian surge — specialists in government, development, agriculture, policing — is cranking out various community projects from their air-conditioned office redoubts...
...Because the typical troop rotation is about 12 months, each year brings a new approach that often is at odds with the previous effort.
Kevin Melton, an American contractor who heads civilian operations in Arghandab district, northwest of Kandahar city, said the United States began making a concerted effort in the province only a year ago. From 2001 to 2006, there was no significant Western troop presence in Kandahar.
"Why has it taken eight years to commit the resources to do what we really need to do here?" Melton said. "We took our eyes off the ball. So we've really been at this for a year, not eight years."
In Arghandab, Melton works in the same heavily guarded building on a U.S. military base as four Afghan district officials struggling to create a local government. Afghans who wish to visit the district office must first pass through three security posts — a search by Afghan police, then the Afghan army and finally by U.S. forces...
At Camp Nathan Smith in downtown Kandahar, the secured offices of U.S. development officials [emphasis added
http://www.afghanistan.gc.ca/canada-afghanistan/stories-reportages/2009_08_26.aspx?lang=eng ]
feature a chart of the Karzai family tree. Laid out like a prosecutor's crime family operation, the chart documents the expansive business empire of Karzai's extended family. Western officials have accused Karzai's brother, Ahmed Wali Karzai, of parlaying family connections into an enterprise that controls trucking, security, drug and protection operations...
But for all the attempts to put an Afghan face on the future, it is clear to all that this is an American show [emphasis addedd]. Even illiterate villagers know that the U.S. provides the money, the troops and the leadership for what is called "Operation Hamkari," or "cooperation" in Pashto and Dari.
"We're the funders, the people in charge, and the Afghans know that," said an American aid official in Kandahar. "But we have to act like the government until the actual government is able to take over."
Nor is U.S.-Afghan cooperation running smoothly on security operations. Afghan army and police units are housed in separate compounds next to U.S. bases. Soldiers say they fear the Afghans will steal supplies and weapons or leak information to the Taliban. Officers say they do not tell Afghan security forces of impending missions [emphasis added]...
...Just 50,000 Afghans live here and in the surrounding district, in Helmand province, yet Sangin has proved the most dangerous spot in the country for the British forces that have been attempting to subdue it for the past four years.
Almost one third of all British deaths in Afghanistan have been in Sangin – 99 out of the 310 fatalities so far...
Arriving just days after David Cameron said he hoped British troops would be withdrawn from the country within five years, I found a mood of determination to get on with the job in hand. But this was coupled with a strong sense that few Britons back home really grasp what the Forces are doing, and the suspicion among some that the task may take longer than the politicians or public want.
Plans for withdrawal depend on handing responsibility for security to the Afghan National Army and police currently being built up with Western help. But Lt Col Paul James, commanding officer of 40 Commando [Royal Marines], said there were not enough Nato forces or Afghan police to keep the area safe from a Taliban resurgence.
"We are here to create time and space for governance to take hold," said Lt Col James.
"That's much more decisive than fighting the Taliban. It just takes hellishly long unless you have the right force density – that's my concern, that we might be here 10 years rather than five years. But we need to see this through."
He added: "Not enough police is the most important factor in preventing transition to Afghan control.
"If we had 150 Afghan National Police we would see a drastic change in Sangin. But we only have one third of police we need [emphasis added]. We are woefully short of where we should be."..
"The Taliban know we are not going to be here for ever, that they just have to wait and we will be gone one day," said one marine veteran.
"Their history has taught them that no foreigner hangs around here for ever. That's why the local population can't commit to us: they know there will be repercussions.
"That's why the hardline Taliban probably won't talk to us – what's in it for them if they can wait a bit longer and we're gone?
"I think once we've trained up enough Afghan forces we'll be out of here. The politicians don't want us to stay here, there's nothing in it for them."
There is increasing frustration, too, at the policy of "courageous restraint" aimed at reducing civilian casualties by withholding fire if there is a chance of collateral damage, introduced by the former commander of all Nato-led troops in Afghanistan, Gen Stanley McChrystal.
The troops feel that too many Taliban are getting away with attacking Nato troops "while we have one hand tied behind our backs [emphasis added]"...
The Taliban's marksmanship is improving, too –enough so that, after one burst of Taliban fire, the scramble out of a ditch and across 20 yards of open ground was a moment of concentrated fear. It was followed by adrenalin-fuelled laughter, before the marines replied with a heavy burst of machinegun fire into the treeline where the Taliban had been hiding.
New additions to the Taliban armoury this season are 12.6mm DshK heavy machineguns mounted on trucks [emphasis added], and the deployment of suicide bombers with a device strapped to his legs rather than to the waist – hiding them from soldiers who demand suspects show their stomachs...
...
The alliance is shaking up existing training programs and adding new incentives in an attempt to turn around what has been one of the biggest, most enduring disappointments of the nearly nine-year-old war: the inability to transform the country's 90,000 police officers into a professional force capable of assuming control of local security.
NATO officials touted the changes in advance of the release of an audit by the special inspector general for Afghanistan reconstruction. The report, released Monday,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/28/AR2010062805114.html?hpid=topnews
criticized NATO for overstating the percentage of Afghan security forces -- including police and army -- that are fully capable of performing their missions. The report also said training efforts suffer from a shortage of trainers and mentors.
"The old system was broken. It just didn't work," said Marine Col. Gregory T. Breazile, spokesman for NATO Training Mission-Afghanistan, which oversees police and army training.
http://www.ntm-a.com/
While better instruction is yielding a stronger Afghan army, he said, the police units responsible for local security have been until now "just a mess."..
The makeover, which began late last year, is largely aimed at attracting a higher-caliber recruit and offering incentives to keep him in uniform longer. The inducements include signing bonuses and -- a first -- literacy classes, a powerful draw in a country where only 20 percent of the adult population can read and write.
A revamped, eight-week training program supervised by foreign paramilitary officers is improving marksmanship and basic military and survival skills. Soon it will be expanded to include veteran officers, NATO officials say.
A crucial improvement is helping ensure that police officers actually get the money that is owed them. Instead of being paid by their commanders -- who often pocket some of the cash -- officers receive their paychecks directly through ATM cards or bank credits sent to their cellphones [emphasis added]. Because many officers are illiterate, "some of these guys never even realized how much they were supposed to be paid," Breazile said.
Such changes have only recently taken effect, and Defense Department officials acknowledge that they do not yet have the data to fully measure the impact.
Nationally, the attrition rate for police continues to hover around 20 percent -- and upwards of 70 percent for the country's elite paramilitary police force, the Afghanistan National Civil Order Police, or ANCOP, the Defense inspector general said. Many police officers quit because of fear, Taliban intimidation or because they could make more money elsewhere, said a Defense official who studied the attrition trends...
More on linkCanada could be convinced to back plans for political reconciliation in order to bring peace to Afghanistan but only if a number of stiff conditions are met first, says Canada's ambassador to the country.
Afghan President Hamid Karzai has been reaching out to the insurgents in hopes of ending the war.
Last month, Karzai won endorsement from a national conference for his plan to offer incentives to the militants to lay down their arms, and to seek talks with the Taliban leadership.
The Taliban have publicly shunned the offer, and the United States is skeptical whether peace can succeed until the Taliban are weakened on the battlefield.
Canadian Ambassador William Crosbie said there's no doubt that reconciliation is the key to solving Afghanistan's woes but he said the political discourse is "going too far, going too fast".
"The challenge for us and what Canada has said in the past in terms of our reluctance to support reconciliation is the process. It will determine the outcome," said Crosbie in an interview with The Canadian Press.
He said the international community has to be fully involved and to ensure that any reconciliation process involves all ethnic groups and women.
"The international community should be insisting that the process is one that includes all Afghans because the reconciliation cannot be between the Karzai government and the Taliban leadership. That's a recipe for disaster," said Crosbie.
"It has to be a reconciliation among Afghans to come back to build the future of their country in a way that each ethnic and women's groups feels it respects their interests," he said.
"It's going to take time. The government is in a weak position, particularly in the south. If the process is not inclusive then the outcome is going to be flawed and it could lead to another civil war."
Crosbie said Canada supports "the concept of reconciliation".
But he said efforts from NATO countries now supporting Afghanistan should be in basically convincing neighbours to butt out of the process. He said peace will not be attainable as long as foreign fighters from Pakistan, Iran and other countries keep coming across the border.
"Many more foreign fighters, many more who come over from the safe havens in Pakistan and that's the part that the international community needs to work on with Pakistan, with India, with Iran, with other neighbouring countries," Crosbie said.
"The Afghans are never going to have peace or reconciliation in their country unless the neighbours support the future we're trying to create." ....
France's military will soon send 250 more trainers to Afghanistan, bringing the overall French force to 4,000 people.
The chief of the French defense staff, Edouard Guillaud, said in French Senate hearings that the French troops in Afghanistan "are 3,750 men and women who are engaged in a difficult operation."
He adds that "they will soon be 4,000, with the deployment" of new police and military trainers.
He says the war Afghanistan is "a war for the long term [emphasis added]."..
Liam Fox, the Defence Secretary, will tell MPs that British troops in Helmand province will hand over districts including Sangin, where scores of British troops have been killed.
The change will see British troops withdrawing from large parts of northern Helmand and concentrate on the central area of the province.
By some estimates, around a third of the British fatalities in Helmand have come in Sangin, described by some soldiers as the most dangerous place in Afghanistan...
Any suggestion that Britain is giving up areas where so many British lives have been lost driving out the Taliban will prove controversial.
But with the US Marines now outnumbering British forces so heavily, military analysts said it was inevitable that the Americans would take more responsibility in Helmand.
Ministers and commanders are worried that the changes will be seen as a retreat or a humiliation for British forces [emphasis added]...
Britain has around 8,000 troops in Helmand, while the US Marine Corps now has nearly 20,000...
Kandahar, Afghanistan —
As he took command of the Afghanistan war this weekend, Gen. David Petraeus wrote to NATO troops of building “a brighter future for a new country in an ancient land.”
But around Kandahar, the Taliban's heartland and what Sen. John McCain (R) of Arizona called Monday the "key to success or failure" in the war, growing numbers of citizens are turning away from the new Afghanistan’s corruption-plagued justice system to an ancient means of resolving disputes that is overseen by the Taliban.
Some go because they’re Taliban partisans, most others because the Taliban have something to offer that the government of Afghanistan so far does not: Fast, generally impartial justice from a court that doesn’t demand bribes for its services.
The phenomenon is part tradition – local mullahs have been adjudicating disputes between farmers and small businessmen for centuries.
But it’s also evidence of a government that has so far failed to deliver the governance that is crucial to success of America's strategy in Afghanistan, according to its advocates. They are well aware that it was the predatory behavior and corruption of local warlords in the early 1990s that drove many Afghans, seeking honesty and an end to anarchy, into the arms of the Taliban.
Why Rahmatullah recommends Taliban courts
Kandahar – and Afghanistan more generally – is far from the state of collapse that prevailed then [emphasis added]. But the fact that citizens are turning voluntarily to the Taliban’s parallel government in a city and province that is now the focus of a massive US and Afghan military buildup is a reminder of the limits of arms alone in defeating the insurgency...
An official working with the Canadian-led Provincial Reconstruction Team [emphasis added] in Kandahar says they’re well aware of the issue, and that part of the problem is the lack of competent judges. He says they’re running a crash program to give basic training and hope to add 15 to 20 new judges to the Kandahar court system in the coming months...
Diplomats like to stress that Afghanistan is not a zero-sum game, that if only the many regional players — including Pakistan and India – can settle their differences, they can find common cause in seeking a political settlement that will offer stability. That view comes complete with an appealing historical template – the British in India were able to extricate themselves from their failed Afghan wars in the 19th century in part because they agreed with Tsarist Russia that Afghanistan should be allowed to remain neutral.
Yet in the feverishness of the 21st century Afghan war, the perception (right or wrong) of a likely early American disengagement may be encouraging more, rather than less, zero-sum gamesmanship. The danger then is that far from moving towards a settlement for Afghanistan, regional players back different sides in the Afghan conflict, leading to de facto partition and renewed civil war.
With India now convinced Pakistan is pushing for a political settlement in Afghanistan which could return its former Taliban allies to power in Kabul, New Delhi in turn has renewed a drive to work with Iran to offset Pakistani influence there.
“I would today reiterate the need for structured, systematic and regular consultations with Iran on the situation in Afghanistan,” Indian Foreign Secretary Nirupama Rao said in a speech this week to Indian and Iranian think tanks, posted on the Ministry of External Affairs website.
“We are both neighbours of Afghanistan and Pakistan and have both long suffered from the threat of transnational terrorism emanating from beyond our borders. India, like Iran, is supportive of the efforts of the Afghan government and people to build a democratic, pluralistic and peaceful Afghanistan. Neither of our countries wish to see the prospect of fundamentalist and extremist groups once again suppressing the aspirations of the Afghan people and forcing Afghanistan back to being a training ground and sanctuary for terrorist groups.”..
...
Roland Paris, an Associate Professor of public and international affairs at the University of Ottawa, has launched True North Blog, providing international affairs commentary from a Canadian perspective.
http://rolandparis.wordpress.com/ ...
To the U.S. soldiers getting pounded with thunderous mortar rounds in their combat outpost near Kandahar, it seemed like a legitimate request: allow them to launch retaliatory mortar shells or summon an airstrike against their attackers. The incoming fire was landing perilously close to a guard station, and the soldiers, using a high-powered camera, could clearly see the insurgents shooting.
The response from headquarters -- more than 20 miles away -- was terse. Permission denied. Battalion-level officers deemed the insurgents too close to a cluster of mud-brick houses, perhaps with civilians inside.
Although the insurgents stopped firing before anybody was wounded, the troops were left seething.
"This is not how you fight a war, at least not in Kandahar," said a soldier at the outpost who described the incident, which occurred last month, on the condition of anonymity. "We've been handcuffed by our chain of command."
With insurgent attacks increasing across Afghanistan, frustration about rules of engagement is growing among troops, and among some members of Congress. Addressing those concerns will be one of the most complicated initial tasks facing Gen. David H. Petraeus, the new commander of U.S. and NATO forces in the country.
The controversy pits the desire of top military officers to limit civilian casualties, something they regard as an essential part of the overall counterinsurgency campaign, against a widespread feeling among rank-and-file troops that restrictions on air and mortar strikes are placing them at unnecessary risk and allowing Taliban fighters to operate with impunity.
During his confirmation hearing before the Senate Armed Services Committee, Petraeus promised to "look very hard" at the rules of engagement. He has since asked Lt. Gen. David M. Rodriguez, the top operational commander in Afghanistan, to review the rules. The examination will include discussions with troops around the country, military officials said.
At issue is a tactical directive issued last July by Petraeus's predecessor, Gen. Stanley A. McChrystal, that limits the use of air and mortar strikes against houses unless personnel are in imminent danger. The directive requires troops to take extensive measures, including a 48-hour "pattern of life" analysis with on-the-ground or aerial surveillance, to ensure that civilians are not in a housing compound before ordering an airstrike...
Part of the controversy is rooted in divergent interpretations of the directive. To those atop the chain of command, the restriction has helped reduce civilian casualties, which have been a politically charged issue in Afghanistan and have helped sap popular support for the international military presence. There have been 197 civilian fatalities caused by NATO forces, including U.S. troops, in the 12 months since the directive was issued, compared with 332 in the previous year [emphasis added], according to figures compiled by the NATO command in Kabul...
British troops could end their combat role in Afghanistan even sooner than the five years the government has suggested, the UK's top diplomat in the country said today.
Political developments could accelerate the process, leading to a reduction in fighting and to Nato forces ending their combat in a "three- to five-year timescale", said Sir William Patey, Britain's ambassador to Kabul. Talks leading to a political settlement should get off the ground sooner rather than later, he added, referring to contacts with Taliban elements.
He was speaking at a meeting in London organised by the International Institute for Strategic Studies, at which a Foreign Office minister, Alistair Burt, emphasised the government's commitment to ending the combat role of British troops in Helmand at the latest by 2015 [emphasis added], the date Britain's next general election is due...
GAP said:Articles found July 11, 2010
2400 Canadian Soldiers on 72 Hour Notice For Gulf Deployment
Article Link
Originating Article Link
Gen. Gene Renuart, and Canadian Lt.-Gen. Marc Dumais, head of Canada Command, signed the plan, which allows the military from one nation to support the armed forces of the other nation in a civil emergency.
The new agreement has been greeted with suspicion by the left wing in Canada and the right wing in the U.S.
There is potential for the agreement to militarize civilian responses to emergency incidents. Also underway is a plan for the two nations to put in place a joint plan to protect common infrastructuresuch as roadways and oil pipelines.
If U.S. forces were to come into Canada they would be under tactical control of the Canadian Forces but still under the command of the U.S. military.
News of the deal, and the allegation it was kept secret in Canada, is already making the rounds on left-wing blogs and Internet sites as an example of the dangers of the growing integration between the two militaries.
More on link
Soldiers and Royal Marines told The Daily Telegraph last week that their lives were being endangered by the policy of "courageous restraint" introduced by Gen Stanley McChrystal to cut down the number of civilian casualties.
In an interview with the Telegraph, Lt Gen Sir Nick Parker said troops in more dangerous areas should be able to use "all the tools at their disposal".
Last month was the bloodiest since Nato troops entered Afghanistan in 2001, and it is understood that soldiers will be given more flexibility in using lethal force to defend themselves after some complained they were fighting with "one hand tied behind our backs".
"In some areas we have over-corrected and we have to absolutely make sure we bring that gently back into line," said the Deputy Commander ISAF (International Security Assistance Force).
"Our soldiers have to be committed to the very challenging fight that they are in, they have to have all the tools at their disposal and they have got to feel free to use them in the right way, but what we must do is not alienate the population.
"So we need to re-examine this and make sure that there has been no risk of overcorrecting. We have to ensure that we are allowing our people to have the right degree of manouevre on operations to deal with the circumstances they face."
But the general added that recent special forces operations that had been "extremely effective" in capturing or killing high-level Taliban and could force senior commanders to defect [emphasis added]...
Insurgents killed 11 Afghan police and assassinated a district chief over the weekend, in a reprise of violence in a once-peaceful region of northern Afghanistan, officials said Sunday...
A stronger insurgency in northern Afghanistan has presented a challenge to North Atlantic Treaty Organization forces, who have so far concentrated their offensive against the Taliban in the southern and eastern provinces, the insurgents' traditional stronghold.
With coalition troops in the north thinly dispersed, provinces there have hosted a largely unprotected rear supply line. Recently, U.S. Special Operations forces and Afghan commandos have tried to stamp out the insurgency in the key northern province of Kunduz, with almost-daily raids that have targeted insurgent leaders.
The U.S. also plans to send thousands of troops from the U.S. 10th Mountain Division who will act as police and army trainers in the region in Kunduz province [emphasis added], which had been a relative bastion of anti-Taliban strength before the U.S. invasion in 2001.
But NATO officials say the struggle has been complicated in the northern provinces because the insurgents are so diverse, ranging from ideologically driven Islamists to simple criminals engaged in weapons and narcotics smuggling.
Locals say the U.S. pressure has shown mixed results. Raids have captured and killed a large number of commanders, but the Taliban have quickly replaced many of them. Locals also report an influx of fighters from adjoining provinces, Tajikistan [emphasis added] and Pakistan...
Hundreds gathered in the northern city of Mazar-i-Sharif on Saturday to protest the deaths of two security guards in a raid by U.S. forces at a bazaar. Protesters said the security guards were unjustly killed, but U.S. officials said they were guarding a Taliban operative who supplied bomb-making material...
UNITED NATIONS -- Afghan President Hamid Karzai plans to seek the removal of up to 50 former Taliban officials from a U.N. terrorism blacklist -- more than a quarter of those on the list -- in a gesture intended to advance political reconciliation talks with insurgents, according to a senior Afghan official.
The Afghan government has sought for years to delist former Taliban figures who it says have cut ties with the Islamist movement. But the campaign to cull names from the list, which imposes a travel ban and other restrictions on 137 individuals tied to the Taliban, has taken on renewed urgency in recent weeks as Karzai has begun to press for a political settlement to Afghanistan's nearly nine-year-old conflict.
The diplomatic outreach at the United Nations has been met with resistance from U.N. officials, who are demanding more evidence that the individuals in question have renounced violence, embraced the new Afghan constitution and severed any links with the Taliban and al-Qaeda.
On Tuesday, Richard C. Holbrooke, President Obama's special envoy for Afghanistan and Pakistan, traveled to New York to meet with U.N. officials to press them to move forward on the delisting process, according to sources familiar with the talks.
The United States opposes the delisting of some of the most violent Taliban fighters, including leader Mohammad Omar. But Holbrooke is eager to reach agreement on removing a slate of purportedly reformed Taliban members ahead of a major international conference in Kabul this month that is aimed at bolstering stability in Afghanistan.
Thomas Mayr-Harting, an Austrian diplomat responsible for overseeing the terrorism list, has made it clear that a specially charged U.N. committee he leads will not approve the delisting solely to boost the peace process. He has also voiced frustration that Afghanistan has not made a detailed case for delisting...
The recent graduation ceremony here for Pakistani troops trained by Americans to fight the Taliban and Al Qaeda was intended as show of fresh cooperation between the Pakistani and American militaries. But it said as much about its limitations.
Nearly 250 Pakistani paramilitary troops in khaki uniforms and green berets snapped to attention, with top students accepting a certificate from an American Army colonel after completing the specialized training for snipers and platoon and company leaders.
But this new center, 20 miles from the Afghanistan border, was built to train as many as 2,000 soldiers at a time. The largest component of the American-financed instruction — a 10-week basic-training course — is months behind schedule, officials from both sides acknowledge, in part because Pakistani commanders say they cannot afford to send troops for new training as fighting intensifies in the border areas.
Pakistan also restricts the number of American trainers throughout the country to no more than about 120 Special Operations personnel, fearful of being identified too closely with the unpopular United States — even though the Americans reimburse Pakistan more than $1 billion a year for its military operations in the border areas. “We want to keep a low signature,” said a senior Pakistani officer.
The deep suspicion that underlies every American move here is a fact of life that American officers say they must work through as they try to reverse the effects of the many years when the United States had cut Pakistan off from military aid because of its nuclear weapons program...
Such are the limits on the Americans that dozens of Pakistani enlisted “master trainers,” taught by the Americans, do the bulk of the hands-on instruction here. Since January 2009, about 1,000 scouts from Pakistan’s Frontier Corps have completed the training [emphasis added], which is designed to help turn the 58,000-member paramilitary force that patrols the tribal areas from a largely passive border force into skilled and motivated fighters...
By urging Pakistan to embrace counterinsurgency training, the United States is trying to steer the Pakistani Army toward spending more resources against what Washington believes is Pakistan’s main enemy, the Taliban and Al Qaeda, rather than devoting almost the entire military effort against India, American officials said. Central to this approach is an array of training that the Americans tailor to what Pakistani says it needs for the Frontier Corps, its conventional army and its Special Operations forces [emphasis added]...
The most gifted Frontier Corps marksmen are selected for sniper training, a skill in need against the Taliban who have been using Russian-made Dragonov sniper rifles to deadly effect against the Pakistani Army.
Five two-man sniper teams, trained to use American-made M24 rifles [emphasis added] as well as how to work with a spotter, measure wind speeds and camouflage their positions, received awards from Colonel Sonntag...