Once an intellectual
Colby Cosh
National Post
Published: Friday, July 10, 2009
Imade a curious discovery the morning I sat down to write this column, one that is embarrassing for a professional user of language to admit. There is a word in my vocabulary that I've been using somewhat irresponsibly, without a full appreciation of its meaning and force. It's "claptrap." If you're like me, you might think of this as an onomatopoeic word representing mere noise. I had never really noticed the "clap" part. It turns out that "claptrap" is a fairly precise technical term from the 18th-century English stage. It means a line or contrivance designed to "trap" an audience into applauding.
Windy expressions of patriotic sentiment were favourite claptraps of the day. They remain so now in the one profession that still uses claptraps in the original sense. For while it is no longer considered proper to interrupt theatrical performances with applause before the curtain, "claptrap" is still a practical term of art in the preparation of political speeches.
Which brings us to Michael Ignatieff. Where else? On Wednesday night, Ignatieff gave the Liberal International's annual Isaiah Berlin Lecture at the National Liberal Club in London, England. Ascending such a podium seemed like a promising opportunity for Ignatieff to reassert his status as an international star of Berlin's class, a man capable of handling and defending serious ideas in a rigorous way. Instead, he served mush -- Canadian claptrap about how liberalism is this, but then also that, but then other things must always be kept in mind too, and really it's all a balancing act, blah blah blah.
Of course Ignatieff is a professional politician now, and thus can never, ever state any interesting truth in direct, unornamented English. This is the core job description of the intellectual, but it honestly wasn't one of his strong points even before he got into politics. The really disappointing thing is that Ignatieff's talk gave little indication that he had ever wrestled with the questions that concerned Isaiah Berlin, let alone spent countless hours with the man combing over the most minuscule details of his life and career.
Consider Berlin's enduring and crucial distinction between "negative liberties," which include the classical-liberal restraints upon civil authority, and "positive liberties," or claims upon society to some object or service like education or health care. Berlin warned, in the darkest hour of the Cold War, that the latter sort of guarantee, which presumes to impose a common ideal of the good upon men, presents a much greater danger of social catastrophe than the former. He believed that freedom of action cannot go entirely unrestrained, but that it still represents a "truer and more humane ideal" in human affairs than the desire to organize society according to some collective notion of justice.
Ignatieff is known to be a non-Berlinian, but his speech -- almost crassly, under the circumstances -- goes out of its way to emphasize the equivalence between positive and negative liberties. We liberals, he says, "put freedom first but we are not libertarians." Having led off the whole speech with the heartening statement that liberals "believe in limited government," he adds that "The institutions that create freedom include, but are not limited to, public education for all, free access to medical care, retirement pensions in old age, assistance for the disabled, public security in our streets and the protections afforded by a sovereign nation state."
Here we have the negative and positive liberties thrown together hugger-mugger, with Ignatieff unwilling to specify (much less defend) bounds on top-down social ordering. It's an awfully unlimited sort of limited government. Why is free medicare on the list, one might ask, but not free birthday cake? I can imagine credible answers to this question, but all Ignatieff gives, all he has ever given as either a private intellectual or a politician, are endless non-negotiable grocery lists.
The obtuseness here is serious enough to make one wonder how the speech was really received. At one point Ignatieff asserts that "A person discriminated against because of their gender, race, creed, sexual orientation or economic circumstance is not free." Assuming Ignatieff is referring here to private discrimination, he knows perfectly well that a victim of it may still be free in the "negative" Berlinian sense. Ignatieff followed this up with a classic claptrap: "Liberals believe that freedom is indivisible..." Surely the audience was stunned to hear this uttered at an event in honour of the man best known precisely for dividing freedom into two clearly demarcated species?
By this standard, Isaiah Berlin could hardly have been a good liberal at all, or at least an Ignatieff Liberal. A shame, really, and the shame would not have been Berlin's.
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