The only thing I've personally come across regarding fertility is the challenges women having kids later in life causes.
I think the declining birth rate has far more to do with choice.
Canadians want 2.5 kids on average. Canadian women are averaging 1.25 kids and that number is dropping every single year without fail.
Inside that gap are the housing, career and affordabity crisis facing those who can have children.
Although if you have come across any literature pointing to environmental causes for a declining birth rate I would love to read them.
I did a cursory AI check:
Yes, overall fertility rates in Canada have been affected by environmental factors, both through direct biological impacts from environmental toxins and indirect psychological factors related to climate change anxiety. While socioeconomic factors are the primary drivers of Canada’s declining, "ultra-low" fertility rate (1.25 children per woman in 2024), environmental concerns and toxins are increasingly recognized as contributing factors.
Statistique Canada +4
Here is how environmental factors are influencing fertility in Canada:
1. Environmental Toxins and Biological Impact
Exposure to environmental contaminants is a significant factor in the rising rates of infertility, with 1 in 6 Canadian couples having difficulty getting pregnant.
Genomics Research and Development Initiative
- Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs): Chemicals found in plastics, pesticides, food packaging, and personal care products can alter hormones, leading to reduced sperm quality in men and impaired ovarian function in women.
- Industrial Pollutants: Research has linked persistent organic pollutants (POPs)—including PCB and perfluorinated compounds—to increased time to pregnancy and reduced fertility.
- Impact on Fertility Rates: Infertility incidence has doubled in Canada since the 1980s, with environmental toxins identified as a potential contributor.
Genomics Research and Development Initiative +3
2. Climate Change Anxiety and Decision-Making
Environmental anxiety, particularly regarding climate change, has a documented influence on reproductive decisions, particularly among younger generations.
The Vanier Institute of the Family
- Reduced Reproductive Intentions: Concerns about climate change and environmental degradation are a factor for approximately 9% of Canadians in their decision to have fewer or no children.
- "Eco-Anxiety": Studies show that young adults of childbearing age are rethinking having children due to the perceived impact of global environmental events on a new generation.
- Long-Term Uncertainty: Research suggests that anxiety over environmental futures can lead to women postponing childbearing, contributing to the declining fertility rate.
Cardus +3
3. Indirect and Contextual Environmental Factors
- Air Pollution: Studies have shown correlations between exposure to air pollution and reduced fertility, including poor semen quality and delayed conception.
- Environmental Degradation: Broader environmental decline is often linked with lower overall fertility rates (TFR) in academic studies, where high carbon footprints and reduced environmental quality correspond with lower fertility, say reports.
PubMed Central (PMC) (.gov) +1
While the decline in Canada’s fertility rate is most strongly driven by factors like rising education levels, participation in the labor market, and delaying childbearing until later ages, environmental factors are a significant and growing contributor.