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Clerics May Be Key to Outcome of Unrest
An Insider Turned Agitator Is the Face of Iran’s Opposition
Protesters Gather Again, as Iran Panel Offers Talks
Supporters of the opposition candidate Mir Hussein Moussavi demonstrated
in Tehran on Thursday.
TEHRAN — Hundreds of thousands of black-clad protesters massed quietly in central Tehran
on Thursday for another day of protest over last week’s disputed presidential election, even
as the Iranian government made its first move toward some form of dialogue to defuse the
outrage.
The move came in the form of an invitation from the country’s powerful Guardian Council to
the three losing candidates to meet to discuss their grievances. The exact motives, timing and
conditions of the proposed meeting, reported by state media, remained unclear. The offer,
from a legal panel largely controlled by the supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, was widely
seen as a government effort to buy time in the hopes of dampening the momentum of days of
enormous protests taking place in open defiance of the government’s authority.
The government also seemed to be building a case that challenges to the election represented a
threat to national security, with the Intelligence Ministry describing an election-day bomb plot
linked to foreign enemies, Reuters reported.
Beginning at about 4 p.m. local time on Thursday, thousands of people began gathering Tehran’s
Imam Khomeini Square. The crowd quickly grew to the hundreds of thousands, stretching beyond
the borders of the square — one of the cities largest — and filling the surrounding streets, witnesses
said. The protest seemed as large, or perhaps larger, that Monday’s, which Tehran’s mayor said
numbered three million.
At one point, a car drove into the thick of the demonstration, and the main opposition leader,
Mir Hussein Moussavi, and his wife, got out and stood on top of their car to. The crowd greeted
them with a roaring welcome, witnesses said. As on previous days, the police kept to the sidelines,
and while vigilante forces appeared, there were no immediate reports of clashes.
Mr. Moussavi had called on his followers to mourn those protesters killed in clashes with
paramilitary forces over the past several days, and protesters responded by wearing black
and carrying black candles. Many held up their hands, their fingers making a V-sign for victory.
Meanwhile, some protesters expressed growing fears that the government’s tolerance of the
persistent protests would expire soon.
The Iranian authorities reported at least eight people killed in Tehran in the first days of
the unrest after the election. Student activists say seven more people have died since then
in attacks by government militia on student dormitories in Tehran and in the southern city
of Shiraz. Iranian Web sites have carried reports of violence in some other cities in Iran,
but given the press restrictions now in place, those could not be verified.
Iran has been in tumult since early Saturday, when, just hours after the close of polls in
Friday’s presidential election, Iranian authorities declared a landslide victory for the incumbent,
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. The supreme leader welcomed the declaration of a landslide victory
and called the results “fair.”
But two days later, as fury intensified over what opposition supporters viewed as a stolen vote,
Ayatollah Khamenei called on the Guardian Council to examine the opposition’s accusations. In
Iran’s theocracy, established after the Islamic revolution of 1979, the supreme leader has vast
power over the military, the judiciary and broadcasting. He also appoints six of the 12 jurists
on the Guardian Council, which oversees Parliament and certifies election results, and so exerts
profound influence on legislators.
The president and Parliament are popularly elected by the people, and in recent years as popular
demand for social and economic freedoms has grown, frictions have sharpened between the various
arms of government. After Mr. Khamenei’s request, the Guardian Council agreed to conduct a partial
recount, and on Thursday state radio said a “careful examination” of a total of 646 complaints concer-
ning the vote had commenced, Reuters reported.
However, the opposition has maintained its call for a new election, and it was not immediately clear
how it would respond to the council’s offer of talks, which could take place as early as Saturday. Many
Iranians are hoping for clues to the government’s next moves from sermons by senior clerics at Friday
prayers in Tehran. Mr. Khamenei is expected to lead the main prayers at Tehran University.
In the unfolding battle of wills, the government worked on many fronts to disrupt the outside world’s
view of the unrest, banning coverage of the demonstrations, arresting journalists, threatening bloggers
and trying to block Web sites like Facebook and Twitter, which have become vital outlets for information
about the confrontation. None of this week’s mass gatherings have been given official authorization and
reporters have been formally barred from leaving their offices to cover them. The senior prosecutor in
the central province of Isfahan, where there have also been tense demonstrations, went so far as to
say protesters could be executed under Islamic law.
The semi-official Fars news agency reported that a son and daughter of former President Ali Akbar
Hashemi Hafsanjani, who has been supporting Mr. Moussavi, had been stopped from leaving the country.
Human rights groups accused the authorities of rounding up other prominent figures, including a former
foreign minister. According to news reports and a human rights activist group, the International Campaign
for Human Rights in Iran, the latest detainees include Ibrahim Yazdi, a former foreign minister who leads
an organization called Freedom Movement. According to the rights group, he was arrested at a hospital in
Tehran while undergoing treatment on Wednesday. The arrest was reported after other people were
detained, including Mohammad Reza Jalaipour, a sociologist and university professor. He was arrested
at Tehran airport while trying to leave the country with his wife, news reports said.
Amnesty International issued a tally of detentions, saying 17 people, including some associated with the
Freedom Movement, had been detained in the northwestern city of Tabriz. “Among those arrested was
Dr. Ghaffari Farzadi, a leading member of the Iran Freedom Movement and a lecturer at Tabriz University,”
Amnesty International said on its Web site, adding that students appeared to have been “particularly
targeted.”
The offer to talk with the opposition was broadcast by state television, which quoted the Guardian Council’s
spokesman, Abbas Ali Kadkhodaei, as saying, “The presidential candidates will be invited to the meeting to
be held early next week to express their ideas and ask any questions in the presence of the Guardian
Council’s members.” The meeting would include Mr. Moussavi and two other candidates — Mehdi Karroubi
and Mohsen Rezai. Mr. Moussavi has indicated in the past that he does not trust the Guardian Council,
because some of its members campaigned on behalf of Mr. Ahmadinejad before the elections.
State television’s Press TV reported on its Web site that Mr. Moussavi was already set to address a rally on
Saturday, called by a group of reformist clerics loyal to a former reformist president, Mohammed Khatami,
who has thrown his support to the opposition. Press TV said Thursday that the reformist clerics group,
the Association of Combatant Clerics, had asked for authorization to hold the pro-Moussavi rally in Tehran.
Also Thursday, President Ahmadinejad released a recorded statement, according to The Associated Press,
clarifying remarks he made earlier in the week referring to opposition supporters as “dust” and essentially
calling them poor sports. The statement, broadcast on state television said: “I only addressed those who
made riot, set fires and attacked people. Every single Iranian is valuable. The government is at everyone’s
service. We like everyone.”
Nazila Fathi reported from Tehran, and Alan Cowell from Paris. Robert F. Worth contributed reporting
from Dubai, and Sharon Otterman from New York.