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Infantry of Tomorrow

Some miscellaneous thoughts.

First, overall I think I prefer the concept of an assault element and a support element. Although the number of assault elements to support elements can differ I like the concept both for Section and Platoon.
I like the ability to be flexible -- if doing urban or confined space work - then it makes sense to strip the heavier weapons into an overwatch or support role -- but in some terrain depending on your enemy - you may need the "support" portion to be able to maneuver and assault.
Second, to a degree I believe that infantry sections who don’t fight from a IFV need to look different from those that do fight from an IFV. Most obviously in the fact that for IFV based infantry, the IFV is the support element.
I 100% agree but I am not sure the CA actually fights the LAV like an IFV - it has been planned to fight as an IFV, and has fought as both an IFV and an APC, but I get the impression that most combat commanders in the CA these days do not believe it is a IFV in the form like the Bradley in a CAB is used as an IFV. But I agree that the 25mm cannon is an awfully impressive support element - which means that for dismounted forces not supported by the LAV are at a major disadvantage in terms of support fire.

Third, I agree in the arms room locker concept. This is one reason I prefer the assault and support elements vs all elements being the same. With an assault and support element construct your support element has more people allocated to carry either multiples of the same weapons and more ammo or different complementary weapons to cause compounding dilemmas for the En. However the arms room concept also allows the assault elements to draw on heavier crew served weapons if they are going static.
I would prefer not to replace a light belt fed with a heavier belt fed in the defensive - but I would totally add a heavier belt fed to what would otherwise be a rifleman fireteam. The same goes for Anti-armor weapons, GMG's etc.
Fourth, the size of sections and the number of weapons and systems needs to be carefully considered in terms of mass, specialization, and sustainment. A section of 8 personnel with an 84mm, 2 MGs, a DMR, and a UAS and an IC and 2IC will compared to a WW2 German section have less ability to move the EIS and ammo for a proper fire plan for each wpn. The German section of 8 carried one MG42 with tripod and ammo.
I tend to believe that a light section/squad needs to be around 12-14 personnel at this point in time, simply to be able to retain mobility with all the needed systems at that level.

IC Carbine with Stand alone 40mm
2 I/C Carbine with Stand Alone 40mm
Signaller (carrying something like a 167 set)
DMR
C-UAS Op (handheld for dismounted, as well as Raytheon vehicle mounted Mini Missile system - which could be man packed if needed)
UAS Op
AMG*
AMG
MANPAD Op
Anti-Armor Op
That is 10 by itself, and realistically you will need a teammate for both the MANPAD and AA Op's just for reloads -- if you "cheap" out you could opt for the Javelin LWCLU - and fire both Javelin and Stinger with one firing post - but there you would likely want the third ammo bearer anyway.
That comes to 12 without a medic or interpreter.

*AMG, Assault Machine Gun - the best options to me are in 5.56mm the KAC LAMG STONER KAC ASSAULT MACHINE GUN - Knight's Armamemt
I've shot it a "bit" ;)
or in 7.62mm the MG Technologies LMG-A-GP which is basically a Mk48 with some actual intelligence in the design.
I know the designers, and have shot it.

I wish they both offered a charging handle like the HK MG4, as well as the selector options - but alas nothing is perfect is it.
I agree on an AMG vs a GPMG with an arms room concept, with the ammunition I don't see NATO (and with it Canada making any big moves out of the 5.56 and 7.62 combination); especially with all the difficulties plaguing the American programs for the M7 and the 338 Norma GPMG. But there are things from the program we definitely can make use of: the lighter weight casing and link where at a minimum we can achieve commonality between our AMG and GPMG in terms of ammunition logistics (plus I'm tired of having to teach the C9 as a 600m effective weapon system when the beaten zones past 300-400m say otherwise).
Not sure if you where at NTRR last week for ISOF, but I believe that 5.56mm is going to be here to stay for a while, the have been a lot of ammunition improvements in the past year that I think can be taken advantage of.

I see zero point in 6.8 Big Stupid Army, nor the .338Norma GPMG. Both to me are concepts that brief well to the uninformed but fall flat on their face when hit with the realties of life. Quite honestly SOCOM trying take II on the .338LM just makes me cringe as the round doesn't take a payload, and the belt weight makes it so it is a vehicular mounted system anyway - and there are numbers options for vehicle systems that exist.

A light infantry locker being: 1-2 AMGs, 1-2 GPMGs, 2-4 lightweight disposable anti-structure munitions, 2-4 lightweight disposable ATGMs, 1 sharpshooter rifle and 2 grenade launchers (preferably stand alone) would give one hell of a multi-tool that can actually be tailored to task, let alone 3 sections with the same locker before even getting to the pl wpn det and/or coy FSG.
Agreed - though I have a bit more a robust Section/Squad above - but I would be fine with adding a M4 Carl G, as well as 3-4 AT-4 of either ASM or HEAT warheads situation depending.
Assault/rifle group and gun group have always existed, just the inexperience and/or laziness of the establishment saw the over exaggeration of balanced assault groups and frontals. It should be the standard practice, but there also is utility in having the section organized in a balanced manner (especially in the context of a point section / security element) but drilled into shaking out into a aslt/rifle and gun gp when fixing to launch an assault (which many NCOs here have done, myself included).

I would add that the mechanized sect would have the benefit of the IFV also being able to carry a portion of their locker should the sect/pl need to reorg to a new task before hitting a DP or moving to a rearward harbour area. (I see it more so carrying the optional/additional ATGMs the sect could dismount with).
I think that even LI needs to embrace some sort of vehicle mobility enablers at this point -- even if they are a "mule" type UGV - outside of very complex terrain - and even then there will need to be some sort of mobility assistance - be it cargo UAS, or Helicopter etc.
 
The other aspect is I see a distinct change in the usage of Infantry (and Tanks) in the future --
some of my musing are here The Reconnaissance Brigade

But I see a mixing of Mud Recce and Calvary Screen into a Recce formation - that operates at "the front contested area" and then CAB Maneuver Forces that are dug in behind awaiting to advance once the enemy is blinded.
 
In terms of a locker room concept how close does the locker need to be to the section/Pl in time and space?

AFV based Infantry can have it with them in the vehicle. Infantry with no vehicles minus those soft skins with the Coy CQ, is the CQ close enough?

At the Section level I like the AA capability being something disposable like NLAW with everyone getting 1 as needed. At the Sect for simple HE projection I tend to think the 84mm with proper FCS and ammo natures is better than 40mm. Less ammo perhaps but much bigger punch.


IC Carbine with Stand alone 40mm
2 I/C Carbine with Stand Alone 40mm
Signaller (carrying something like a 167 set)
DMR
C-UAS Op (handheld for dismounted, as well as Raytheon vehicle mounted Mini Missile system - which could be man packed if needed)
UAS Op
AMG*
AMG
MANPAD Op
Anti-Armor Op

My struggle with that as a generic section is that it has 0-4 rifle men in its 10-14 pers. For assault purposes that seems too light. To my mind that looks more like a Pl support section than either a GP section or an assault section.
 
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In terms of a locker room concept how close does the locker need to be to the section/Pl in time and space?

AFV based Infantry can have it with them in the vehicle. Infantry with no vehicles minus those soft skins with the Coy CQ, is the CQ close enough?
Everyone has some sort of transport assist these days. Maybe it’s a small UGV, Quad or MRZR up to an ISV — but I’d say the threat will depend on what weapons need to be close and what can be further back.


At the Section level I like the AA capability being something disposable like NLAW with everyone getting 1 as needed. At the Sect for simple HE projection I tend to think the 84mm with proper FCS and ammo natures is better than 40mm. Less ammo perhaps but much bigger punch.
40mm M203 or M320 to me is basically a marking setup for the small unit leadership.
I’d consider a multi launcher like the M32A1 as a dedicated grenadier.
The issue with the AT-4 for some roles is it’s a direct fire weapon, while good for bunkers with the HEDP or Thermobaric warheads, and Anti Armor with the HEAT, is that for trenches or targets with limited elevated exposed areas is that it doesn’t make a great system. The trajectory of the grenade launchers helps in that despite the smaller payload.

My struggle with that as a generic section is that it has 0-4 rifle men in its 10-14 pers. For assault purposes that seems too light. To my mind that looks more like a Pl support section than either a GP section or an assault section.
Fair, but outside the DMR and AMG’s they all have carbines too, and even those positions can assault - using the preferred options for those.

It’s hard to cut back those positions without leaving a large gap.
 
40mm M203 or M320 to me is basically a marking setup for the small unit leadership.
I’d consider a multi launcher like the M32A1 as a dedicated grenadier.
The issue with the AT-4 for some roles is it’s a direct fire weapon, while good for bunkers with the HEDP or Thermobaric warheads, and Anti Armor with the HEAT, is that for trenches or targets with limited elevated exposed areas is that it doesn’t make a great system. The trajectory of the grenade launchers helps in that despite the smaller payload.

Ya, okay, the 40mm as a marking round for the leadership makes sense and I can buy that.

Ack on the AT4 but the 84mm as an RCL with HE 441D/RS offers programmable options where you can air burst the round. Not an IDF capability but for section level might be enough. Especially if the Pl had 60mm IDF capability.

It’s hard to cut back those positions without leaving a large gap.
I think part of the question needs to be what roles absolutely need to be filled by the section and which can more effectively be filled at Pl level.
 
Second, to a degree I believe that infantry sections who don’t fight from a IFV need to look different from those that do fight from an IFV. Most obviously in the fact that for IFV based infantry, the IFV is the support element.

What happens if the vehicle cannot access a place to support the section or platoon?
 
What happens if the vehicle cannot access a place to support the section or platoon?

If IFV based infantry are planning on being deliberately employed in an area outside of direct support from their support elements, ie the IFVs, they would access the stowed heavier crew served in the IFVs before leaving the IFVs.

Those heavier crew served such as GPMGs, 84s, Javelin etc. though would not have dedicated personnel ( like non IFV based Inf would have) but would obviously have to be crewed by the assault elements.
 
Interesting article/video on the US light infantry battalion's new Multi-purpose company that is replaceing the bn's weapon's company.


🍻
An interesting glimpse into the possible future nature of warfare. I've always thought that the CAF should lean heavily into unmanned systems to compensate for both personnel shortages and personnel costs in general as a large proportion of the military budget.

In watching the video however I can't help but think that unmanned aerial systems are much more "ready for prime time" than unmanned ground systems. While they seem to be pretty tactically useful, the problem seems to be simply getting them to the battlefield without creating a fairly significant logistics burden. It might not be a big issue in Ukraine for example where the front is moving quite slowly, but if we're hoping to find a way to reestablish maneuver then UGV's need to improve significantly.

Until UGV's are able to keep up with the manned systems (anything from ISV's to IFV's) then I think for the most part you're going to be limited to systems that can be carried in your manned vehicles. To me, the next logical step would be a mid-sized UGV that can disengage its drive wheels and be towed at road speeds behind their parent manned vehicle. That way you don't need separate transport to get your UGVs to the point where they can move at dismounted tactical speed.
 
An interesting glimpse into the possible future nature of warfare. I've always thought that the CAF should lean heavily into unmanned systems to compensate for both personnel shortages and personnel costs in general as a large proportion of the military budget.

In watching the video however I can't help but think that unmanned aerial systems are much more "ready for prime time" than unmanned ground systems. While they seem to be pretty tactically useful, the problem seems to be simply getting them to the battlefield without creating a fairly significant logistics burden. It might not be a big issue in Ukraine for example where the front is moving quite slowly, but if we're hoping to find a way to reestablish maneuver then UGV's need to improve significantly.

Until UGV's are able to keep up with the manned systems (anything from ISV's to IFV's) then I think for the most part you're going to be limited to systems that can be carried in your manned vehicles. To me, the next logical step would be a mid-sized UGV that can disengage its drive wheels and be towed at road speeds behind their parent manned vehicle. That way you don't need separate transport to get your UGVs to the point where they can move at dismounted tactical speed.
There are much larger UGV’s available.
There have been several breaching tank systems developed recently as well as other similarly sized systems, but the majority of UGV needs in within the sensor defeat zones where large means dead…

Uncrewed systems are not personnel reducers however as they generally need more support personnel than a normal crewed system of similar size would require m.
 
Just some clarification. The multi-purpose company described above is confined to replacing the weapons company of the light infantry battalions in the IBCT. Neither the combined arms battalions in the ABCT nor the Stryker battalion in the SBCT have a weapons company.

The initial Army 2030 plan was to add a cross domain platoon to the battalion leaving the weapons company but this seems to be evolving to converting the weapons company (the battalions primary anti-armour and heavy weapons component) with the recce platoon and the mortar platoon (four squads of 4 x120/4 x 81mm mortars on weapon locker principle) and sniper section which are currently part of the battalion's headquarters and headquarters company and adding the cross domain functions to it.

Light battalions, until recently had very limited motor transport - basically confined to the battalion HQ and the weapons company. Rifle companies, not so much They're basically footbound until the advent of the ISV which is still only available in limited numbers of the light battalions.

In effect there are 14 IBCTs in the US's active army and another 20 in the ARNG for a total of 34 IBCTs (including airborne - give or take one or two based on the day of the week) which means there are roughly 103 light battalions in the US Army. The initial plan for ISV purchase and distribution was to provide enough ISVs to equip roughly 1/3 of those battalions by 2025. @KevinB might have better figures for that is as of now.

The light battalion's weapons company looks like this (sorry its a bit rough image but the best I could do) - to see a better picture and description of the weapons company check out pgs 1-1 to 1-4 of FM 3-21.12.

images


Essentially the coy has 79 personnel in four platoons. Each platoon has five vehicles and two sections which provide the battalion with TOWs, HMGs, automatic grenade launchers, additional Javelins. It's these coys which are being repurposed.

There are different considerations and experimentation going on for ABCTs and SBCTs

🍻
 
From what I’ve seen on the ISV front, all the XVIII Airborne units have been equipped and most of the other active duty Light Infantry units as well.
Admittedly I’m unsure as to full fielding as there have also been Hummers, and various GMV variants cascaded to units that previously didn’t have large holdings of them and of course the JTLV.
 
So how long is it going to train these max-flex super troopers in the use of all the arms in the locker, and their ad hoc situational employment? Not to mention when operating with or without vehicles of various types?

Is there a route to convert civilians into useful soldiers that doesn't involve them making a career of it?

The "rifles and guns" section trained in the use of grenades, claymores and single-shot weapons (M72, AT4, NLAW etc) had the advantage of simplicity and speed in training.

The specialists were all grouped in dedicated platoons (Mortars, Anti-Tank, Anti-Air, MGs, Pioneers, Recce, Patrol, Snipers, Motor Transport, Sigs, QM A, QM B etc und so weiter).

The Weapons Dets with the SF trained gunners, the 60 mm mortar and the CG84 made for a useful stepping stone from the "rifles and guns" to the specialists and gave both the Platoon Leader and Coy OC something useful to start operating with.

The specialists were the Battalion CO's assets.

About the only changes that I would be looking at are combining the Anti-Air and MG platoons into a C-UAS platoon armed with a 30mm RWS and DEW systems, as well as general distribution of UAVs and LAMs universally. If you were issued binoculars you get a UAV.
 
So how long is it going to train these max-flex super troopers in the use of all the arms in the locker, and their ad hoc situational employment? Not to mention when operating with or without vehicles of various types?
I would say the current regular Infantry and Armor trades can do that.

Is there a route to convert civilians into useful soldiers that doesn't involve them making a career of it?
Those are the Maneuver units outside the sensor conflict.
The "rifles and guns" section trained in the use of grenades, claymores and single-shot weapons (M72, AT4, NLAW etc) had the advantage of simplicity and speed in training.
Your missing shifts in warfare if you think those troops will be useful in a LSCO sensor battle.
The specialists were all grouped in dedicated platoons (Mortars, Anti-Tank, Anti-Air, MGs, Pioneers, Recce, Patrol, Snipers, Motor Transport, Sigs, QM A, QM B etc und so weiter).
Groups like they mean mass, and mass means a fires target inside the enemy sensor zone.
The Weapons Dets with the SF trained gunners, the 60 mm mortar and the CG84 made for a useful stepping stone from the "rifles and guns" to the specialists and gave both the Platoon Leader and Coy OC something useful to start operating with.

The specialists were the Battalion CO's assets.

About the only changes that I would be looking at are combining the Anti-Air and MG platoons into a C-UAS platoon armed with a 30mm RWS and DEW systems, as well as general distribution of UAVs and LAMs universally. If you were issued binoculars you get a UAV.
Still doesn’t do anything for C-RAM which is the issue inside enemy sensor zones.
 
I would say the current regular Infantry and Armor trades can do that.
I am sure they can. How fast can you supply their replacements?

Those are the Maneuver units outside the sensor conflict.
What does that mean? That there will be no sensors where they will be manoeuvring? Or they are going to manoeuvre regardless?


Your missing shifts in warfare if you think those troops will be useful in a LSCO sensor battle.
LSCO. Sensor.

LSCO = Large Scale Conventional Operations if I understand correctly
How do you plan to scale up to the Large Scale?

I will stipulate, if you want me to, that the sensor battle is going to require more skills than your basic rifleman has. But I think you underestimate the value of lots and lots of riflemen. If only to guard the factories and warehouses of all those sensors and arms and ammunition and vehicles in you "lockers". And the LOCs and the bases and ports and maintenance areas. Not to mention to fill in the blanks when all those exquisitely trained professionals are no more.

Or are you addressing specifically the needs of your Reconnaissance Brigade?

Groups like they mean mass, and mass means a fires target inside the enemy sensor zone.

Major General John Frost 1982

"Much thought was given to the use of the support weapons for in every unit there are apt to be conflicting interests here. Individual companies often think that they want to have their own machine-gun, mortar and anti-tank weapons at their immediate behest, perhaps forgetting that there may be a price to pay in thus burdening themselves with a more heavily laden element which, if it is a part of the company, can limit the latter's speed across country just when that speed may be vital. The characteristics of the weapons are such that fire can be more effective when they are sited at a distance from those they are supporting. Moreover, it is often much easier to conceal an important fire unit if it is placed to the rear or the flank of a main infantry position. A particularly dangerous concept is the actual weapons should be kept together, concentrated, so as to produce a concentrated fire effect, but this "bunching" invites recognition from the enemy, running the risk of neutralization, if not destruction, of all a battalion's support weapons. However much the weapons are dispersed, when properly handled, and given good communications, they can produce support for any part of a battalion when it needs it most" 2 Para Falklands, The Battalion At War pp18-19.

John Frost, as a reminder, was the CO of the para battalion that got stuck at Arnhem bridge for 5 days with only the kit they could carry from their drop zone, all of the jeep mounted support that they had been promised not making it to them.

38 years later his battalion found itself in a similar predicament - no motor transport and only the kit they could carry on the their water-logged boots.

Given the lack of hills, trees and buildings on the Falklands it is hard to conceive of the Argentines having a much more transparent view of the battlefield even if they had UAVs.

Administrative grouping and operational dispersion with the CO dispersing dets and attaching them when and if.

Still doesn’t do anything for C-RAM which is the issue inside enemy sensor zones.

Here is my understanding of 2 Para's organization in the Falklands.

B Echelon under the QM on board their transport vessel - ship to shore by navy helos and LCMs
A Echelon ashore grouped with the MT Platoon sans vehicles acting as a Defence Platoon

Three rifle companies of three platoons of three sections - each section with 2x GPMGs, M72s and M79 Grenade guns. 1 CG84 per platoon. About 100 all ranks each company. During Goose Green the section GPMGs started to be grouped at platoon and company firebases to shoot the assault teams in from the flanks.

C company comprised Recce Platoon and Patrols Platoon as well as the Assault Pioneer Platoon. In the event C Company was used as often as a fourth rifle company as it was a dedicated Recce element. The Assault Pioneer Platoon was detached to the Support Company to act as Ammo bearers given the lack of Motor Transport. (MT Platoon, as noted being tasked to Defense and Duties). A number of snipers were available at Battalion HQ.

Support Company included an MG platoon with GPMG-SF, an Anti-Tank platoon with Milans, and a Mortar platoon of 6 x 81mm tubes of which only 2 tubes were available at Goose Green due to the lack of means to transport ammunition.

The Battalion was reinforced by a Recce Troop of Engineers who supplied EOD experts for the companies as well as a section of snipers to each of the four rifle/assault companies. Atts also included two MANPAD dets and a small battery of light guns (3x 105). Air, helo and naval gunfire support were promised but spotty.

Why this rehearsal of history?

1 there was a basic structure
2 the situation demanded the structure be revised to suit the situation - just as it had to be in 1944 at Arnhem and as it has ever been.

That battalion was broadly similar to the rifle battalion I expected to join in the Canadian Army

Sniper Section
Recce Platoon (light bobs in Napoleonic terms)
Patrols Platoon (grenadiers in similar terms - heavy weapons mounted on landrovers was their usual tool kit) - not found in Canada
Assault Pioneers (pioneers in Napoleonic and Roman terms)

MG Platoon - not found in Canada
AT Platoon - Brit Milans swapped for Canadian TOWs (TOWs are more of an Arty piece than the Milan - the Milan could with the assault elements to defeat bunkers)
Mor Platoon - 6 tubes for the Brits vs 8 for the Canadians

Three rifle companies instead of the 4 nominal in Canada (3 actual)

In three rifle companies we expected to find three platoons, each with three sections with a rifle group and a gun group. This conformed to what the Paras found to work in the open ground of the Falklands - the gun group suppressed the objective from a flank while the assault team(s) pepper potted forwards. The gun groups were also brigaded in the Falklands and put under one common OPI.

Which brings me to the 4 weapons dets we expected to find in each company, each with 5 personnel and the Obs Det equipped with radar and NODs. This effectively formed a fourth platoon in the Canadian company. Although the dets travelled separately, accompanying the rifle platoons and the Coy HQ, the five dets, 24 soldiers, together with their 4 CG-84s, their 4 60mm mortars and their 4 Browning MGs mounted on tripods with the C1A1 sight formed a Weapons Platoon employing the weapons locker concept that could be equipped and tasked by the OC according to the needs of the operation.

Those weapons det soldiers were the most proficient riflemen in the company. They learned their trade in the sections. They moved through the dets to the specialist platoons. Some moved on to recce and obs, other to AT, Mors and Pnrs, and others ended up in the Motor Transport platoon. And all of this was done under the watchful eyes of the RSM and the CO who knew what skills and aptitudes their soldiers had developed through OJT and which were promotable to fill acting spots.

New entries joined the sections as rifles.

The system was self-sustaining.

....

I suggest that the arms locker has its place but it can't be the answer in a Large Scale army where the majority of troops are recently engaged civilians.

I believe that the basic 1920-1990 vintage infantry battalion proved to be a useful construct that flexed adequately to accommodate different technologies, transport and terrain.
 
1744219269179.png

What is attractive about this vehicle as an infantry transport?

1 It is an infantry transport

It requires 1 driver and can accommodate up to 12 others. That means a complete section plus one or two dets or teams.
It is armoured, all terrain and amphibious.

For similar reasons I like this vehicle

1744219556776.png

....

If you are looking at vehicles like this

1744219728426.png

Then you are looking at something else - at best it is a specialist branch of infantry or else it is a part of the armoured corps.
 
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